Innovationwithin the Music Industry Dissertation

Innovationwithin the Music Industry - Dissertation Example Compared with rock music, reggae music basically inverted the role of bass and guitar: the former was the lead, the latter beat the typical hiccupping pattern. The paradox of reggae, of course, is that this music "unique to Jamaica" is actually not Jamaican at all, having its foundations in the USA and Africa. (.www.history-of-rock-music.com/age/Reggae.php - 6k -) Post World War II saw the emergence of various Caribbean music forms, notably steel-pan music of Trinidad and Tobago. In the late '40s and early '50s, Jamaican musicians began combining the steel-pan and calypso strains with an indigenous mento beat (e.g. Harry Belafonte - Jamaica Farewell). During the 1950s Jamaican youth was turning away from the American pop foisted on them by Radio Jamaica Rediffusion (RJR) and the Jamaican Broadcasting Corporation (JBC). Weather conditions permitting they listened instead to the sinewy music being played on New Orleans stations or Miami's powerful WINZ, whose playlists included records by Amos Milburn, Rosco Gordon, and Louis Jordan. Significant New Orleans artists of the time included Fats Domino, Jelly Roll Morton, Champion Jack Dupree, and Professor Longhair. It is surmised that the delay effects which are an important part of the reggae/dub sound may have initially been inspired by the oscillations in the signal from these far away radio stations. During this period, Jamaican bands began covering U.S. R&B hits, but the more adventurous took the nuts and bolts of the sound and melded them with energetic jazz conceits - particularly in the ever-present horn section - and emerged around 1956 with a hybrid concoction christened ska. Ernest Ranglin, the stellar jazz-rooted Jamaican guitarist who backed up the Wailers on such ska classics as "Love and Affection" and "Cry to Me," says that the word was coined by musicians "to talk about the skat! skat! skat! scratchin' guitar strum that goes behind." Practically overnight, ska spawned a major Jamaican industry, the Sound System, whereby enterprising record shop D.J.'s with reliable U.S. connections for 45's would load a pair of hefty P.A. speakers into a pickup truck and tour the island from hilltop to savanna, spinning the latest hits. D.J.'s also gave themselves comic book nom de plumes like Prince Buster and Sir Coxsone Downbeat.  

Hindustan unilever limited

Hindustan unilever limited Hindustan Unilever Limited Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL) is Indias largest fast moving consumer goods company, with leadership in Home Personal Care Products and Foods Beverages. HULs brands, spread across 20 distinct consumer categories, touch the lives of two out of three Indians. Hindustan unilever limited is one of Indias (FMCG) fast moving consumer goods company and have brands like Lifebuoy, Lux , Surf Excel, Rin, Wheel, Fair Lovely, Ponds, Sunsilk, Clinic, Pepsodent, Close-up, Lakme, Brooke Bond, Kissan, Knorr , Kwality Walls are household names across the country and other products such as soaps, detergents, personal products, tea, coffee etc The mission that inspires HULs over 15,000 employees is to add vitality to life. With 35 Power Brands, HUL meets every day needs for nutrition, hygiene, and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. It is a mission HUL shares with its parent company, Unilever, which holds 52.10% of the equity. A Fortune 500 transnational, Unilever sells Foods and Home and Personal Care brands in about 100 countries worldwide. MISSION Unilevers mission is to add Vitality to life. We meet everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene, and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. CORPORATE MISSION Unilevers mission is to add Vitality to life. We meet everyday needs for nutrition; hygiene and personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. Our deep roots in local cultures and markets around the world give us our strong relationship with consumers and are the foundation for our future growth. We will bring our wealth of knowledge and international expertise to the service of local consumers a truly multi-local multinational. Our long-term success requires a total commitment to exceptional standards of performance and productivity, to working together effectively, and to a willingness to embrace new ideas and learn continuously. To succeed also requires, we believe, the highest standards of corporate behaviour towards everyone we work with, the communities we touch, and the environment on which we have an impact. This is our road to sustainable, profitable growth, creating long-term value for our shareholders, our people, and our business partners. MARKETING OBJECTIVE The marketing objective is to establish the company as an expert in the marketplace .Lux has to establish an expert in the marketplace. Lux has to establish itself as a leader in the market. To accomplish this objective, customers must faith on its products. Objective metric :-To extend the business. To accomplish this marketing objective .Lux must have to tie-ups some other branded (Foreign) company and produce very good quality products. People know about at least more countries and use it. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths Company has advanced technology and well skilled professionals. The new Lux face wash is a high quality product in term of skin problems and protection. The target market is educated, professionals and belongs to premium and middle class Company totally owned, systematic distribution network, transparent communication system. Weakness Competitors have strong promotional activities. Imported brands also available in the markets. Customers are offered better alternatives by the competition. Opportunities Population expands at a rapid rate. Consumers are becoming more quality conscious. Rural areas are a large prospective market where they can introduce lux face wash. Customer base is increasing with effective marketing. Threats Political and Economical factors. Partial Government policies. High rate of competition. Local and foreign competitors INTRODUCTION TO LUX Lux Soap came into existence in 1964. Lux occupies a large market share in the Pakistani soap market as well as the international arena. The new Lux, with the sunscreen formula, is targeted to a different market segment as compared previously to previous Lux. Lux is the first brand to bring the sunscreen concept in soap industry. Lux plans to cater to all these customers. Beauty begins with Lux. The strategy that is used by lever brother for their lux sunscreen is on specific product Benefits strategy as the lux sunscreen promotes Sun Protection benefit as well as beauty .Lux sunscreen revolves around the slogan that is:Lux Sunscreen. Lux Soap came into existence in 1964. Subsequently it was launched in the US in 1916, and marketed as laundry soap targeted specifically at delicates. Lever Brothers encouraged women to home launder their clothes without fear of satins and silks being turned yellow by harsh lyes that were often used in soaps at the time. The flake-type soap allowed the manufacturer some leeway from lye because it did not need to be shaped into traditional cake-shaped loaves as other soaps were. The result was a gentler soap that dissolved more readily and was advertised as suitable for home laundry use. Lux is currently a product of Unilever. The name Lux was chosen as the Latin word for light. Lux toilet soap was introduced as bathroom soap in the US in 1925 and in the UK in 1928 as a brand extension of Lux soap flakes. Subsequently Lux soap has been marketed in several forms, including hand wash, shower gel and cream bath soap. Lux soap was launched in India in 1929. The very first advertisement in 1929 featured Leela Chitnis as its brand ambassador. It was branded in India as the beauty soap of film stars. Delight to the senses: Everything about the brand from the look and feel of the products and packaging to the subtle fragrances is a delight to the senses. In fact, Lux has been making waves since 1924, when it launched the worlds first mass-market beauty soap at a fraction of the cost of some expensive brands. How it all started Lux was first introduced as toilet soap in 1925. Produced by Lever Brothers, it arrived in the UK in 1928, offering people a chance to pamper themselves for a modest price. From the 1930s right through to the 1970s, Lux soap colours and packaging were altered several times to reflect fashion trends. In 1958 five colours made up the range: pink, white, blue, green and yellow. People enjoyed matching their soap with their bathroom colours. In the early 1990s, Lux responded to the growing trend away from traditional soap bars by launching its own range of shower gels, liquid soaps and moisturising bars. Lux beauty facial wash, Lux beauty bath and Lux beauty shower were launched in 1992. In 2004, the entire Lux range was relaunched in the UK to include five shower gels, three bath products and two new soap bars. 2005 saw the launch of three exciting new variants with dreamy names such as Wine Roses bath cream, Glowing Touch and Sparkling Morning shower gels. PRODUCTS OF LUX Top of Form Lux Bath Glowing Touch Lux Bath Shimmering Sea Refreshing Foam Bath Lux Bath Wine Roses Lux Heavenly Milk Indulging Cream Bath Lux Light Reflect Body Moisturiser Lux Liquid Hand Wash Heavenly Milk Lux Liquid Hand Wash Shimmering Sea Lux Nutri Pearls Body Moisturiser Lux Oils of the Orient Pampering Cream Bath Lux Shower Cream Heavenly Milk Lux Shower Cream Oils of the Orient Lux Shower Gel Nutri Pearls Lux Shower Gel Shimmering Sea Lux Shower Gel Summer Massage Lux Shower Gel Wine Roses Lux Shower Glowing Touch Lux Shower Sparkling Morning Lux Soap Bar Silky Touch Lux Soap Creamy Perfection Lux Soap Marine Massage Bottom of Form LAUNCHING OF LUX FACE WASH We are proud to propose a new range of deodorant protection brings you incredible natural effectiveness that is kind to both you and environment. This year launch of the new variant lux faces wash, with the baseline FEEL FRESH to communicate its positioning. It addresses towards the need for removing unnecessary dirt and feels your skin soft and fresh through the unique proposition of FACE WASH. Today in the market, lux has three distinct variants, Lux deo, beauty soap, creams continues to operate in the healthy skin category. Lux soaps are the strongest player in freshness category. This is a natural extract recommended by a professional dermatologist in Arizona, U.S.A. It was already approved for safety and hygene.Lux Face Wash is the latest offer from the HUL. This latest Face wash is based at make your skin free from dirt and feels fresh and soft skin. It comes for oily skin. Product profile Lux Face Wash the first step in facial care for soft, smooth skin. For clean and soft skin that glows suitable for all skin-types. How it works: Thoroughly cleanses without leaving slippery feeling on skin. Cleans skin 100% soap free formula with rich lather penetrates and removes deep rooted dirt, leaving your skin cleaner and smoother. Gentle on skin. Active Cleansing System cleans gently and cares for your skin better than soap. Results: Clean, soft, glowing skin. Usage: Splash faces with water and apply face wash on face and neck. Rinse off. Pat dry. If face-wash gets into your eyes, rinse well with water. Soap free washing preparation with organic surface active agents. Key Ingredients: Glycerin, Sodium Lareth Sulphate, Tocopheryl Acetate (Vitamin E Acetate). PRICING Unilever claims to practice value based pricing in which the customer perception of the products price provides a starting point for developing the marketing mix of the product. The research department determines this price usually by using focus groups. The primary importance of this value based pricing is that the product demand will be much higher if its price is in line with the customers perception of its value. One crucial concern for value based pricing is strict management of cost in order to be able to make a profit at the value based price. After the initial price is determined Unilever then uses target costing in order to achieve the required profits. With the marketing plan now being termed as Annual contact the importance of meeting the profit margin requirements has increased. Target costing thus provides as essential tool to manage cost effectively. The characteristics of monopolistic competition typifying the market set the threshold for pricing. This market over a range of prices. The key element is differentiation which allows the sellers to gain market share in contrasts to competitors. Last year lakme, Himalaya, Ponds revised their prices which has increased the prices of their face wash considerably but lux has maintained its price and their prices are much lower than Ponds, lakme. Being a poor country people go for products which are within the range of Rs 50. Promotion LUX has been closely identified by its innovation, which is reflected in its promotions. It was the first brand of this category that comes up with an idea of creative offers like gold coins and pendants in soap. After getting a good response from these offers they started new offers to increase the sales like, Buy1 Get 1 Free. LUX advertising always had a strong impact on customers by carefully choosing the elements which reflect aspects of the brand. No wonder then, the commercials featuring of celebrities like, Hema Malani, Aishwarya Rai and kareena Kapoor makes the Lux very famous among womens and this creates an curiosity in the mind of girls for using the product. The confidence that advertisement shows were closely connected to the properties of the Lux product. The lux face washes targets audiences in the markets of India that has appealed for only girls. The current advertising reinforces this bond and the fact that lux has provided protection over the years. STEPS IN LAUNCHING OF FACE WASH HUL want to launch a new product of lux into market. This time company is launching lux face wash with different fragrances for girls facing problem of oily skin They had done homework and decided exactly what to offer and how to generate sales. It is very difficult to increase sales because these days large number of products were launched everyday and there is very tough competition in market. So for this there is a proper procedure to launch product in the market and defined a proper procedure of launching a new product in the market. Lux face wash is the brand extension of the lux range and it will provide benefit in the success of the product. These are the following steps kept in mind. 1. Identifying the competitors: Before launching the product a proper market study must be done to know the competitors in the market and their strategies. There are various competitors of HUL in market offering large range of products like lakme, ponds, Himalaya etc. So for this there is a need of market survey and have to take a serious look at competitors by doing the proper SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis. By doing swot analysis strategies and target market of competitors will come to know and helps in making the policies to compete with them. As HUL is launching face wash under the brand name LUX it is important to know the products offered in the market by competitors. There are various products like ponds, lakme etc offered by competitors but if new product or service is entirely unique and without any competition, its important to put product according to the customers prospective .Once it is decided whom will be competitors, review their mar keting strategy, including their ads, brochures and websites and target market after all the process it is to be evaluated how new product will stand up against other products. 2. Target the customer. To successfully launch a new product with minimum financial outlay, its essential to focus exclusively on those customers who are targeted according to the different segments. These customers may be those peoples currently buying something else and can appreciate the additional features of new product offered to them. So for targeting the market there must be a proper segmentation according to age, sex, preferences etc. There will be a proper positioning of product in the mind of the customers. The main target customer of the lux face wash is girls. 3. Define marketing strategy and techniques. After defining the target customer, sales and marketing channels also must be decided. It must be decided whether to do distribute through internet or dealers .Generally, multichannel marketing achieve the greatest success .It is necessary to know target customer and target market. Suppose your strategy is to market a low-cost customer you might choose traditional direct marketing sales as your primary channel. The trend from traditional strategies based on personalization, rather than generalization approaches integrated. If you want to target high cost customer you might use traditional as well as modern techniques to distribute the products. HUL involve the whole organization, because it needs both internal and external communications to identify the strategy and direction of the organization. 4. Test concept and marketing approach. With all the efforts and money it takes to bring a new product to market, it is foolishness to rush to the launch phase before testing your product. Its best to examine product, marketing message and marketing materials offered by the company. Before launching the product it is to be tested whether the product will be accepted by the customer or not. Only after testing is complete, company should proceed to the final creation of marketing approach and strategy. 5. Positioning:-Positioning is the art of designing the companys offer and image to occupy a place in the mind of the target customers. The goal is to locate the brand in the mind of consumers to maximize the benefits of the firm. Positioning starts with a product. Therefore it is important to develop approach in order to obtain a brand image, target the market and to position the LUX deo to their respective target markets. The present report focuses on the explanation of the promotional, marketing mix and business strategy. 6. Roll out campaign. Campaign often plays a vital role in the launch of a product. There are various ways of campaign like through advertisement, events, public relations etc .But no matter what publicity route you choose, first make sure your product is ready and available for purchase in order to maximize returns. And other marketing efforts should follow closely on the press roll out. Monitor the results of all media, and in the first weeks and months, be prepared to adjust campaign to take advantage of what is working best. Company must hold various promotional events, advertisements for the promotion of the product. As HLL is launching the deo there must awareness and availability of the product in market which is only possible by promotional campaign. All the Medias like newspapers, TV, radios; internet etc must be used for the promotion of the product. 7. Launch of the product: After a proper campaign process it is to be decided about the launch of the product keeping in mind the various concepts of marketing mix. A proper process must be followed keeping in mind the 4ps price, place, product, promotion .when all is set launch product by handling an inaugural ceremony. 8. Taking the feedback from customer:- work doesnt ends after launch of the product now its time to take feedback from customer about the product. Feedback will tell whether the product is successful or not. Company will also come to know about the need of customer and can review the product. Feedback is necessary because by this it can be specified that what consumers want and what they are getting. It will also help in the launching of new product. 9. Know your products lifecycle. The campaign which is used during the introduction phase of product launch will need to be updated as product matures. It is needed to monitor the marketing results carefully and record the results that will indicate when its time to revise the product, media message for generating the higher revenue. This is needed because every product reaches the maturity stage where revenue generations decrease and its time to review the product. MARKET GROWTH OF FACE WASH This graph shows the market growth of the product after the one month of launch up to the fifth month. According to this market survey products market share increases rapidly but due to tough competition in the market it starts declining at the ending of second month. Graphic representation of product growth But after the end of the third month sales increases due to the quick response of the company.HUL increases the sales promotion of deodorant creates awareness in the market. Due to this there is increase in the sales and remain constant up to fifth month. This shows that after launching the product job doesnt ends product but it needs regular promotion in case of new product. After examining the market cause of decline in the growth of product indicates that it is caused by due to the decrease in the price of the other companys product. So here HUL reduces its products prices and records increase in the growth rate and maintained it. Market survey is must in todays competitive world because market trends keep on changing regularly so thats why its necessary. Evaluation and control Evaluation is main part how we done all the things market research , knowledge about competitors strategy target market product promotion evaluation and good control over all these activities are very essential. Responsible Management Responsibility management solves most of important problem faced by system administrator. Employees should have proper responsibility about management. Place Distribution: Place and distribution channels play an important role of product. IMPLEMENTATION OF TIME TABLE 1. The company plans to more market shares at the end of 2010. 2. The company plans to have secured selling in each region of the country even abroad i.e. global market. SUMMARY HUL has to sale its new product LUX face wash throughout the country and also target the new entry. For this HUL has to set quarterly and yearly sales target and actual sales will be compared to these quarterly plans One major concern is that the current financial strategy of supporting. We have to new business by personal funds. Finally we have to utilize all marketing plans.

Weather and Technology Essay -- essays papers

Weather and Technology Weather has been almost an unpredictable element that the world faces every day. Predicting weather has almost been impossible until technology came into the picture. There have been big technological breakthroughs with satellites and radars that help forecasters predict future weather conditions all around the world. Technologies has advanced throughout the years and are continuing to become more advanced today. Technology has helped scientist understand the most dangerous natural disasters in the world to help protect the public and allow society get to a safe location when the time is necessary. Radar, stands for Radio detection and ranging. Radar transmits microwaves in a focused beam. The microwave energy bounces off of its primary object and returns as data to be measured (Weather Questions 1). Radar then will send pulses of energy, rather than a continuous signal, which it will then measure how far away the object was when the microwaves reflected off of it. Combined with the radar's ability to scan up and down and in a circular motion which allows the radar to detect elements in all directions, modern radars can measure three dimensionally and up to one hundred miles from the radar(Weather Questions 2). The development and advancement in the radar has progressed the ability to learn more about weather and its developments. As radar continually develops and becomes more advanced, the more likely scientist will be able to understand and predict the future directions and outcomes a storm may have. Weather satellites have been our eyes in the sky for more than 40 years. Weather satellite images showing the advanced weather fronts are regular elements of the news station. Satellites give ... ...fely make it through a snowstorm. Technology has effectively improved the predictions and understanding of very serious natural disasters and storms. Radars and Satellites have greatly helped scientists predict the pathways of storms and weather fronts. Due to the advancement of technology scientists have started to learn and understand the devilments and anatomies of the most feared natural disasters such as Hurricanes, Tornadoes, and Snowstorms. Scientist’s predictions and discoveries have helped the public get into a safer location. Weather technology advanced and is continuing to improve to help prevent casualties and economic loses. Weather Technology has came a long way from the pioneering days of storm predictions, If the technology continues to improve there is a great possibility that the public will become more prepared and damages will be at a minimum.

Bamboozled movies

Bamboozled is one of the funniest and interesting satirical black movies that had been released, during the first quarter of the 20th century in theatres round the United States. In the year 2000, the movie Bamboozled had made its public appearance, under the limited release by New Line Cinema, during the fall of the same year. Essentially, the satirical movie bamboozled is about the modern minstrel television show, on which feature black actors and actresses wearing blackface makeup.In addition to this, the movie Bamboozled tells about an opposing argument, straightforward to the broad success of the minstrel show in television, despite the on going campaign to fight racism in the United States. Technically, the word Bamboozle means to purposely puzzled, hoax or mislead. (Holden, p. 1) Shelton Jackson Lee or better known as the movie director â€Å"Spike Lee† is the main person behind the creation of the great black American movie, Bamboozled.As a multitalented film director, producer and actor as he is, Spike Lee single handedly authored and directs the satirical movie Bamboozled, during the fall of 2000. Born on March 20, 1975, the African American Spike Lee is an Emmy and Academy award winner, on which he as well receives various nominations for best American film director, writer, actor and producer. Technically, Director Spike Lee's movies have something to do with race relations: the media’s role in modern or contemporary life: poverty and urban crime: and political controversies or issues.For the movie Bamboozled, director Spike Lee depicts his counter argument over the broad success of minstrel show in television, despite of the fact that the program has racial discrimination on its content. (IMDb. com, Inc. ) In a sense, director Spike Lee was known for his movies that deal with different controversial political and social matter, and his profound thinking to tackle and represent critical issues of the United States society.And also, apa rt from being a movie director, writer and producer, Spike Lee teaches for the college student at Columbia University and New York University for the film production subject. In addition to this, director Spike Lee also work for his own production company, â€Å"40 acres & A mule Filmworks†, on which he produce 35 films already that started way back 1983, including his controversial movie of Bamboozled. (IMDb. com, Inc. ) As an overview, the movie Bamboozled was specifically designed to be humorous, on which the film feature all of its characters in blackface, in all of their performance.In principle, the movie is composed by set of talented African American black artists, from different fields and expertise. Moreover, most of the black icons that appear in the movie as themselves are protesting for the television series, on which they firmly believe, was discriminating in content. In a sense, movie Bamboozled is a film, which various black artists from different profession i n the United States, gathers together and appear in the movie as their selves to show their unified thoughts as black Americans to fight the issue of racial discrimination.In a technical manner, script for the movie Bamboozled was specifically written by Spike Lee to depict how rant and grief the media’s depictions of black American people. (HBS Entertainment, Inc. ) In a brief review on the storyline, the movie Bamboozled tells the narrative of the successful television program, on which the content of the show is depiction of racial discrimination that straightforwardly pertains to the niggers or the black African American.Considered as one of the socially relevant movie, the film Bamboozled by director Spike Lee gives a clear picture of racial discrimination between the black people and white American people. Nevertheless, the movie sends a concrete message to entire American society that as a democratic country, every citizen of the state must have an equal treatment, reg ardless if he or she is a black African American or white people.In a sense, the movie tells how exactly and truly depicts the African black American in most of the successful television show in the United States. Technically, the Bamboozled minstrel show was an American form of entertainment, on which consists of various way form of amusement that are – comic skirts, artistic acts, dancing and music that is normally performed by white American people wearing â€Å"blackface† makeup, as their primary role of entertaining the audience and as the focal point of the entire content of the program.In deeper understanding, the minstrel television show, though entertaining in its nature, the entire content is arguably discriminating, on which the social right of black African American, as the blacks were represented in the shows content in a mocking and disrespecting way of entertainment. Totally, the Bamboozled movie is a firm citation of the determination and the unificatio n of black African American community to fight for their right of fairness as well as equality in the entire American society.Nevertheless, the movies theme is humorous comedy yet was strong way to send a meaningful message for the people of the entire United States. In addition to this, melodrama is another theme of the movie, on which the latter part of the movie depicts heart warming scene. Nevertheless, the movie bamboozled depicts the augmentation of racial discrimination in the Unite State that had been the long time dilemma by most of the black African American.In the movie, the film director Spike Lee uses his profound yet argumentative thought to tackle the controversial issue of media’s discriminating representation of the black African American, in most of the widely accepted and successful television shows in the country. With the exact and proper review of the entire structure of the movie, the film Bamboozled is definitely one of the movies that have social rele vance, on which sends concrete message that is definitely essential to resolve the specific issue of racial disparity.Moreover, the film Bamboozled has its cultural and historical context in its storyline. In the movie, there many scenes to cite for its cultural context, one of those is the depiction of director Lee on the association of all the black people to fight together for their unified goal of racial equality in television programs, as equivalent to the entire American society. The movies cultural context can definitely cited in the film’s socially meaningful message that every American deserves an equal share of treatment in every way, regardless if he or she is a black African American or white native American.Nevertheless, the cultural context of the movie is visibly evident in the entire storyline of the film, on which I gives a clear and fair picture of racial disparity in the American society. The historical context of the movie, on the other hand, is visible on the use or essence of the minstrel show. As a form of entertainment, minstrel show is one of the ancient ways of entertainment that had occurred after the American Civil.With the use of blackface as the primary way of amusement, the historical context of the movie is visibly clear, on which blackface was already use as a form of entertainment in the history racial discrimination in the American society. (NPR. org) In the end, the Bamboozled is one of the socially, culturally and historically relevant movies that fairly tackles the racial disparity issue in America and gives an essential message over the entire society. Nevertheless, this Bamboozled movie of director Spike Lee is a powerful representation of unified black African American society to fight the issue of racial disparity.References S. Holden (2000), Bamboozled (2000): Retrieved May 22, 2008 from http://movies. nytimes. com/movie/review? _r=2&res=9C01E2D9163CF935A35753C1A9669C8B63&oref=slogin IMDb. com, Inc. (2008), Bio graphy for Spike Lee: Retrieved May 22, 2008 from http://www. imdb. com/name/nm0000490/bio HBS Entertainment, Inc. (2008), Bamboozled: Retrieved May 22, 2008 from http://efilmcritic. com/review. php? movie=4502 NPR. org (2008), The Legacy of Blackface: Retrieved May 22, 2008 from http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=1919122

Behavior Modifying Drugs Essay

â€Å"ADHD is a common behavioral disorder that affects an estimated 8% to 10% of people in the United States† (Kutscher). Boys are about three times more likely than girls to be diagnosed with it, though it is not yet understood why. Children with ADHD generally have problems paying attention or concentrating. They cannot seem to follow directions and are easily bored or frustrated with tasks. They also tend to move constantly and are impulsive, not stopping to think before they act. These behaviors are generally common in children. But they occur more often than usual and are more severe in a child with ADHD. These behaviors that are common with ADHD interfere with a child’s ability to function at school and at home. Adults with ADHD may have difficulty with time management, organizational skills, goal setting, and employment. They may also have problems with relationships, self-esteem, and addictions. Doctors may be too quick in diagnosing the patient with ADHD and prescribing them drugs to treat the problem. This is not the best method all the time, as these drugs have proved to be dangerous and sometimes fatal. The use of behavior modifying drugs should be treated only as a last resort after trying other treatments or alternatives for the problem because of the different risks that come along with the drugs. Children may have a problem that needs to be attended too, but drugs should not always be the first option selected. There are a good percentage of the millions of children in the United States, as well as around the world that suffer from ADHD, enough to be attentive to this disorder. For example, the different types of behavioral problems that are associated with the disease is explained: â€Å"Children suffering from behavioral disorders can exhibit behaviors such as distractibility, lack of focus, anxiety, and hostility† (Chittom). This shows how children may have problems in behavior, and how to notice the indications of ADHD. This also proves how children experiencing symptoms of ADHD may be a distraction in an learning environment and or elsewhere. The disorder might be due to biological means. For instance, in â€Å"Counterpoint: The Risks of Behavioral Drugs Outweigh the Benefits,† Lynn-Nore Chittom says, â€Å" Medical providers believe that the disorder is directly linked to the brain’s inability to properly process serotonin or dopamine† (Chittom). This shows how ADHD is actualized in scientific means. This also evinces the point that it could be a genetic disorder passed down generation to generation to children and is unpreventable in a case such as that. When one’s child has ADHD, they might want the quick scapegoat or in fact want to try a cure the problem as best as possible. But, drugs would not always prove to be the best choice for these parents. This could be seen in â€Å"Counterpoint: The Risks of Behavioral Drugs Outweigh the Benefits,† where drugs can cause even more problems: â€Å"These intense behavioral responses to medications intended to resolve issues such as distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulse control may exchange one challenge for another in the children being medicated† (Chittom). This depicts that by using medications to help the children’s problem it could backfire and create a whole new problem, maybe as or even more severe than the original one. What one might obtain from this is that the use of drugs in efforts of helping children with ADHD might be more problematic than the actual issue to start with. The risks of drugs are very high and may be very harmful to the children prescribed them. In many cases, drugs used to treat ADHD have caused more harm than there intended purpose to help the base problem. As a case in point, Lynn-nore Chittom says, â€Å"Research showed that a group of drugs known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increased both the incidence of suicide and the potential for suicidal thought among children and adolescents†¦ This is of particular concern based on the fact that some students responsible for school shootings in recent years were known to have been subscribed SSRIs† (Chittom). This indicates that children may be harmed or harmful while taking these types of drugs. This also shows how the children’s minds might be manipulated by these drugs and may cause suicidal tendencies. Expanding on this issue: A drug commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder in children, teens and adults has been linked to numerous adverse reactions, including suicide attempts, Health Canada has warned. In its adverse reactions newsletter from July 2008, the health agency warns that Atomoxetine (Strattera), a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, had been linked to 189 reported adverse reactions as of Dec. 1, 2007. Fifty-five of those included suicide attempts, a designation that encompasses non-accidental overdoses, showing suicidal tendencies and experiencing thoughts of self-harm. Twenty-nine of the patients recovered, three had not by Dec. 31, 2007, and one patient died. Data was not available for the remaining 22 patients. (Kutscher) Among the 55 suicide attempts reported in connection with the drug, 43 were among children b etween the ages of 6 and 17. Twelve were among adults ranging in age from 18 to 45. There are also other concerns that come along with the drugs. For instance, in â€Å"Counterpoint: The Risks of Behavioral Drugs Outweigh the Benefits,† Lynn-Nore Chittom states that in addition to the risks of and medical side effects, children may also experience the psychological and emotional stigma of being told they require medication to be â€Å"normal†, children may develop a low or negative self-esteem from being forced to take pills (Chittom). This is inferring that the children’s self image may be lowered and may train them to be unconfident people in life. This also shows how the children might, over time, become dependent on the drugs rather than developing appropriate life skills. Furthermore, the complications are explicated in â€Å"Counterpoint: The Risks of Behavioral Drugs Outweigh the Benefits,† when Lynn-nore Chittom says that parents, teachers, and doctors may be turning to prescription drugs in an attempt to fix emotional problems by medicating them. This could lead to drug abuse later in life, particularly under the pressures of a college workload, a new job, or other life changes (Chittom). There are different, more suitable methods of treating these children with ADHD. These methods include different therapies and contrivances in succeeding the main goal of helping cure the problem. For instance, these therapies are illustrated: â€Å"Beyond good parenting and teaching strategies, agencies that offer outside help through creative therapies should be employed whenever possible†¦ With the help of play therapy, music therapy, art therapy, language therapy, and cognitive-behavior therapy, children can attempt to reach their potential before medication is prescribed† (Chittom). This demonstrates the different approaches of using more natural cure rather than the drug direction. This also shows how the children can reach their full potential before thinking about medications to give them. Equally important, the parental aspect of this problem could be the answer of leading the children in the right direction. For example, how the children could change with the help and support of parents and elders is described: â€Å"Frequently children with ADHD and autism spectrum disorders are intelligent and creative. Rather than medicating the children to make them â€Å"normal†, parents and teachers should explore ways to learn their strengths and challenge the children to excel in their natural talents† (Chittom). This explains how many children with this disorder are usually very talented and intelligent. This also shows how parents and teachers could positively send their lives in the right direction if they are cooperative and encouraging. Moreover, with the right support, these children will feel more accepted and better about themselves, rather than feeling like they are bad unless they are drugged into normality. Some anti-depressants and other behavior modifying drugs may be of great affectivity for some children if one uses them properly and not excessively. In severe cases, children may be greatly benefitted from medications. These may help them perform in school better and allow their behavior to change into a self-controlled and mannerly people. For example, the affects of the drugs are explained: â€Å"These drugs have been hailed as safe and effective miracle drugs†¦ But, critics argue that SSRIs are often given needlessly† (Lee). This shows how if the drugs are not used excessively and given to the right people that actually are in need of them, they may be very effective. When carefully and responsibly prescribed, the medications currently available to treat ADHD have been shown to be extremely effective in reducing symptoms. For instance, the different benefits is described: â€Å"Children with ADHD who are treated with Ritalin demonstrate a greater ability to concentrate in class, engage in fewer impulsive acts, show improvements in the quantity and the quality of their schoolwork, and are better able to interact socially with others† (Lee). This shows how the children while being helped with the medications may perform better in school. This also suggests that the hostile urges are resolutely decreased as the drugs will calm them down. After all other options have been attempted first, drugs should only be prescribed to the children who have not been affected by the previous treatments. Parents and their children should desperately try together for other methods as to solving their behavior problems before turning to drugs. The first response from parents and teachers should be patience and creative behavioral management. The vital methodology in attempt to help children with ADHD is to first look for natural methods, and in the event of failure to see improvements in the children they may be benefitted by the drugs. The children with the extreme cases of ADHD might not have a natural method suitable for them, but usually it may help in a considerable way. On the whole, patience rather than pills can often be the key to solving behavior problems in many children.

Education and Unemployment Essay Essay Example

Education and Unemployment Essay Essay Example Education and Unemployment Essay Essay Education and Unemployment Essay Essay 1. In your ain sentiments. propose how you can pull strings the supply of educational chances as a policy variable. 2. Suggest policy considerations for the authorities in regard to educational enlargements. 3. State the deductions for international giver bureaus. Introduction: Edgar Edwards and Michael Todaro argue that an investing in instruction past the literacy phase is an investing in idle resources. They have some good and bad statements and below. I am traveling to review their statements reviewing their points with the aid of facts. statistics and logical ground. Their chief statement is that an investing in instruction is an investing in idle resources. since the figure of unemployed has been lifting as the figure of people who pursue post-literacy instruction. Argument: The two authors have both good and non so good points in their statement against post-literacy instruction. First. by stating that â€Å"the mean degree of instruction among the unemployed and underemployed appears to be lifting. proposing that the turning investing in educational systems is increasing an investing in idle resources† . it’s really true. The mean figure of people who have pursued instruction higher than the primary school degree. in this instance. the literacy degree. has been lifting over the past few old ages. The tabular array below shows the tendencies. as compiled by Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and UNESCO. | 1999| 2000| 2001| 2002| 2003| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| Primary School| 6. 078. 024| 6. 078. 024| 5. 941. 610| 6. 062. 742| 7. 159. 523| 7. 394. 763| 7. 591. 528| 7. 632. 113| 8. 229. 266| Secondary School| 724. 758| 762. 414| 753. 525| 781. 601| 882. 513| 926. 149| 934. 149| 1. 030. 080| 1. 180. 267| TOTAL| 6. 788. 858| 6. 840. 438| 6. 695. 1335| 6. 844. 343| 8. 042. 036| 8. 320. 912| 8. 525. 677| 8. 662. 193| 9. 409. 533| . | 2003| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| Registration in University| 82. 100| 91. 500| 92. 316| 112. 229| 118. 239| 122. 847| 177. 735| From the tabular array. we can see that as from 2002 when the authorities introduced free primary instruction. the figure of kids enrolled in school sky rocketed. and so did the figure of people who got the opportunity to go to secondary school. Edwards and Todaro besides argue that â€Å"rapid enlargement of formal instruction beyond literacy degrees without constructive attempts to make meaningful employment chances is likely to bring forth political every bit good as educational unrest† . This is so because the figure of people graduating from our universities is higher than the figure of occupations being created in any specific twelvemonth. Politics plays a large function in the educational sector. since the MP’s are the determination shapers and moreso because the corrupt few cut down the financess available for development. or more financess are directed to developed countries instead than to the marginalised so as to assist them develop. Harmonizing to the book â€Å"Education and development in Africa† . it’s stated that so as to better African states. it’s non merely the proviso of instruction that affairs. but besides the quality of it. This is a determiner in the degrees of unemployment. since those from comfortable schools are regarded in higher regard. as compared to those from schools that are non known for academic excellence. even though both campaigners have the same certificates. This consequences in the campaigner from a celebrated school acquiring a occupation. while the other campaigner misses out. making unemployment. Unemployment is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ while underemployment is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . .

King Charles V essays

King Charles V essays During the period of the 15th to 16th centuries, also know as The Beginning of Early Modern Times, strong central governments arose throughout Europe. The rulers of this period have since been coined new monarchs, due to the fact that they encouraged trade, overseas expansion, and made attempts to relieve social distress, unlike their predecessors. King Charles V of Spain was the epitome of what the new monarchies during the 15th and 16th centuries were. Due to lineage, Charles V was the heir of both the royal throne of Spain and the Hapsburg dukedom. He became the King of the Spanish Empire and the Hapsburg territories, which included Austria and Hungary, along with becoming the Holy Roman Emperor. However, holding the land meant nothing to the citizens because he was considered to be an outsider by many, due to the idea that he had been raised in Law Countries and he had brought a large Flemish support with him. Also, because of this dislike, many revolts were brought against, although they were all eventually put down. It is easy to say that Charles was the epitome of new monarch because of the vast territorial holdings that he amassed which required him to spend almost 2/3 of his 40-year reign defending. These holdings included most of Continental Europe west of the Balkans and Poland, except for France. Charles V represents the new monarchs in a number of ways. He had a very strong desire to centralize his government, like the other rulers termed as new monarchs. Charles had captured numerous lands, so it was almost impossible for him to manage all them alone. During the time in which he was away from his throne, he relied on an administrator named Francisco de los Cobos. He was also responsible for the formation of two types of councils. One assumed responsibility of controlling the territories that were taking over during his expansion quests in his empire, and the other was in ch...

Graduating College with Honors Benefits and Subtleties

Graduating College with Honors Benefits and Subtleties You have probably seen movie scenes with college students wearing honors regalia, and the whole audience applauding them. Have you ever imagined yourself in shoes of such a student? Would you like to know how your effort can be rewarded after graduation? In this article, we will try to understand what graduating with honors means and what the benefits of it are. What Is All the Fuss About? There are two types of students – the first one just tries to survive through college and get a diploma, the other is all about different programs, opportunities, and honors. It doesnt matter which you relate, as the following information will still be useful to you. So, almost every college has a few types of honors that students can obtain – Latin honors, English honors and Organization honors (be sure to check out which your learning institution offers). Every high school and college establishes certain rules about these honors and the criteria that you need to meet in order to become an honored scholar. Latin honors are: Cum Laude – as for Latin â€Å"With Praise,† typically a student with a 3.5 GPA. Magna Cum Laude – as for Latin â€Å"With Great Honor,† a 3.7 GPA. Summa Cum Laude – â€Å"With Highest Honor† is one of the highest honors a student can get which requires at least a 3.9 GPA. Such honors commonly imply receiving an honor cord (black, silver and golden respectively or the colors that a learning institution chooses) during the graduation ceremony. The fact of getting such an honor is indicated in your transcript. Check out the simple tips for you on how to become a top student without struggling. English honors can be received by the academic department which reviews seniors each year to pick the most deserving ones based on the grades in their major or other qualities. They can also provide you with a recommendation in addition to the honor. Organization honors are given by clubs and organizations to the most contributive students. There are various chapters of the National Honor Society in different learning institutions which offer special benefits for their members, such as help with a career start, discounts, tours, and activities. What Are the Benefits of Graduating With Honors? When it comes to the effort put in the studying process, one can reasonably ask â€Å"Will my effort be rewarded? Is studying  hard worth it?† The reality of the modern world is that no one can tell you for sure if your future employer will be looking at your GPA. There are a lot of vacancies that value experience or your communication skills more than your grades. Of course, there might be a chance that honors will affect the final decision if you and another candidate have pretty similar resumes and experience. Then, probably, the decision will be made based on the smallest advantages. So, here are the five benefits that are characteristic for graduation with honors: The possibility that it will be considered as an advantage when applying for a job. So, when a recruiter is looking through a resume, he or she might find that candidates are almost equally good and suitable for a particular job. If you provide an excellent resume and dont mess up your interview, the fact that you graduate cum laude or with other honors will increase your chances of getting the job. This is a little extra for your diploma. There is nothing bad about having some extra touch on your diploma. If you have such an opportunity, our advice would be to take it and dont bother about the efficiency of the effort you put in your studies. A special treatment. Of course, honored students have certain benefits within their learning institution or when deciding to continue their careers in academic circles. Such benefits might be - an opportunity to travel abroad for academic studying, honors program, research grants, club membership, etc. An extra thing to be proud of. When reaching another step in your life or having another accomplishment, you should think not about the output but about the value of it for yourself. If you know that you will be proud of yourself receiving a cord at the ceremony, why worrying about whether your choice was right? Merit-based scholarships for honored high school graduates. This is the main reason why high school students try so hard to stand out from the crowd and obtain honor when they graduate school. Receiving a financial award is definitely worth trying and is one of the main benefits of graduating from high school with honors. You might also find some information about graduating without debt useful. So, as you can see, there are some obvious benefits that every honored student can count on. However, if you are graduating without honors, it doesnt mean that you are somehow worse than honored students or that your resume will value less. Its more about the type of person you are than about wearing an honored cord at the graduation ceremony. Check out some of our tips that will help you to make your graduation unforgettable. Common Questions About Graduating With Honors What percent of college students graduate with honors? If taking Harward as an example, 2% of students receive summa cum laude, less than 2% get magna cum laude, and about 4% graduate with cum laude honors. In the undergraduate colleges and schools this percentage is higher – 5% for summa cum laude, 15% for magna cum laude and 30% for cum laude. How to graduate with honors in high school or college? The main factor of obtaining an honor is getting high grades. But you can also be considered as a candidate for the honor for: Your participation in various activities Club membership Outstanding research programs Significant accomplishments in sports or studying So, these were the main benefits and facts about graduating with honors. We hope that you found this information useful, and wish you good luck with your studies.

Strategic Deterrence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Deterrence - Essay Example Clearly analyzing the effect of the multipoint contact on firms strategic moves change according to the level of competition of the rival firm. Strategic deterrence may sound somewhat negotiating between the companies or the firms but ideally speaking it really reduces the risk of incurring losses. Not only that it also helps reduce excessive manpower used if deterrence is not abided. The concept of Strategic deterrence all begins with the primary intention of saving the market from multi market competition battle, which can ultimately bring stability among multi markets. Strategic deterrence is not accepted the moment the multi market contact start to encroach the others market but it is just an understanding that too mutually agreed up activity, which after incurring substantial amount of losses from the companies involved. This situation comes when firms start loosing customer base, profit on sales and the business tending to break-even point, which is generally referred as no profit and no loss point. This position comes when the situation is from a very long time. Though Strategic deterrence is mutually agreed concept is in deed an unwilling act on behalf of the companies involved. It ensures no loss concept but never promises profits out of the deterrence. Strategic deterrence may be a positive attitude but is accepted only by small or medium companies but not by large multi national companies. Its implications on the multi markets are not only largely understood but are but are being analyzed to overcome the disadvantages due to the market encroachment. The markets un touched by this phenomenon is the monopoly market which stands high on sales and profit yet not letting any one step into its market. This is the only market, which does not... The researcher states that today, many companies may compete in some other field, but try to avoid competing in the respective fields. This deterrence is only to avoid incurring losses, unnecessary from his competitor. The competitor may be a weak party, but still would be unwilling to compete. This strategy is primarily to avoid losses during industry shake out for any particular product. It is also stated that some firms compete while others forbear from competing with their ‘multipoint’ rivals — those faced in more than one market or market segment. According to the study it is clear that multi point contact may effect only within the same products or services but not between the strategic groups. There are many speculations that whether multipoint contact deters competition depends on strategic objectives. These predictions are often supported by estimates made by market exit rates. There are many indications and proofs that weak competitors can out survive st rong competitors due to forbearance. This essay aims to presents such proofs. The researcher then concludes that he had a concern that is deeply rooted towards competitive dynamics perspective support the mutual forbearance and resource dissimilarity theories of competitive behavior. Hence, from the essay detailed discussion the concept of mutual forbearance and strategic deterrence is clearly analyzed, theorized and to the possible extent gave enough validations which can bring these concepts and implications to a better understanding.

Analysing and responding to the two articles ( comparing bth articles) Essay

Analysing and responding to the two articles ( comparing bth articles) - Essay Example Texts communicated over the pagers were finally given the form of SMS during the 90s with a restricted length of 20 characters only. Not until 2001 texting rocketed as GSM companies finally made their way out on charging for these SMS and then arriving at lowest SMS package rates. Texting has been given an affirmative agreement that it helps and improves literacy rather than hindering literacy and shattering the roots of English language that has been previously regarded as the penmanship for the illiterates by John Sutherland, University College London in his research paper back in 2002. As the critics to the use of texting John Humphry has been blaming SMS for savaging the English language and destroying the vocabulary, there are others as David Crystal that recognizes the fact the Texting has added a new dimension and it’s not at all a disaster to English language. Moreover the short abbreviated words such as â€Å"xlnt† for â€Å"excellent† and â€Å"gd† for â€Å"good† were seen before in a dictionary of abbreviations by Eric Partridge back in 1949, there were no text messages there. Many texters really don’t disrupt the words and vocabulary in fact as the length of the text increases the standard orthography and information also increases and that is dealt with intelligence. T9 dictionary is also reserving the standard orthography and the new texters (particularly older and conservative people) go in line with this while texting. They find it quick, simple and easy that way. Moreover the use of institutional messages is all around us that adhere to the traditional orthography standards and refuse to depart from them at all. They forbid the use of abbreviations and even the templates stored in the cellular phones use for quick messages are in complete proper English. According to American and Norwegian studies the use of abbreviations is relatively low that is 20% and 6% respectively. The point arises how it is rui ning the roots of English language. So for those who say SMS has been raping our vocabulary is so much mistaken as they have been nurturing the misconceptions and they are just not ready to give technology an edge. The critics realize the fact that a text is farther cheaper and saves time as it costs relatively far less than that of a voice message. The voice messages may last for ten minutes but you can easily go through a text message in less than a minute. That is time saving! A text definitely has distinctiveness associated to them. None of the texts are linguistically novel. This practice has been in there for centuries when the early computers used the informal texts centuries ago and also the same texts used in chartrooms before the onset of GSM texting services. The critics regard the missing of punctuation mark between words as a very destructive phenomenon to English language and they frequently associate it with the arrival of texting. That is hoax. Many of the texts incl ude alpha numeric for their completion. For instance, â€Å"2† for â€Å"to† and â€Å"4† for â€Å"for†, â€Å"C† for â€Å"see† and â€Å"u† for â€Å"you†. These rebuses are not a new thing. Some people take this as disrupting the communications but they forgot that while solving Christmas puzzles and even short hand used same abbreviations at various times so why associating all this to texting failures only? Many words such as â€Å"

HUM310_LQ3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HUM310_LQ3 - Essay Example At the beginning of the sixteenth century, music saw a number of significant changes with rising of polyphonic music and music printing in France, Germany, and England among others. Renaissance artists and philosophers were religious like those of the middle ages and their aim was to reconcile theological practice with the spirit of philosophy called Humanism. With the protestant reformation by Martin Luther through his inquiries against the teachings of the Catholic Church which resulted to the founding of the Lutheran denomination, this had a tremendous impact on Renaissance music posing a religious rebellion. This was a reform process which gave rise to new churches and new types of sacred music, the turmoil in the church scene made a path for secular music to rival its sacred counterpart through word painting, polyphonic imitation and music printing ((Derrick, 1983). Renaissance is reflected musically through improved expression and more personal compositional styles which make it sound sweeter than medieval music. The sound of words does not make them unholy or holy and as such sounds can not describe a song as secular or holy. Whether music is sacred or secular has no basis in Scripture and this in a way has led to use of the same motives and this profane the word of God. For instance Luthers music was just as scandalous, consider for instance his lyric "A Mighty Fortress", this was set in a beer-drinking tune. Many gospel writers have hijacked popular music some of which are too romantic. This has changed the church way of singing, kind of songs and not to any better. With todays technology you can program any beat or rhythm because its just numbers and it would be ridiculous to say that for some numbers would be holy than others. Human body is made in a way the feeling of rhythm while from inside the heart beats in rhythm and outside the uni verse pulsates and moves in rhythm. Actually to not

Country Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Country Analysis - Essay Example Leaders who are charismatic are perceived to have a strong impact on their fan base or followers (Sotik et al 2002). Such leaders show dominance, self confidence and extraversion. They employ emotional appeals instead of authority (Yulk 2006) to elicit obedience from followers. Thinking of France, this form of leadership has been adapted very well. Despite the French being collective, they were not ready to be subjected to authority. Moreover, France tends to deject coercion into altering their ways. Such conditions are always needed from followers inspired by transformational leadership (Strang 2005). In contrary, French followers are likely to be influenced by a leader who is charismatic as they have a feeling of obedience to him. This appeals to the French as they believe in free will and the right to do whatever they want (laizzes faire). The similarity between the value of followers and vision in a charismatic leader and followers’ conception show why the style is effective in France. The style is relevant to charismatic leadership but direct approach in this style makes the difference. The literature implied transformational leadership made the followers loyal, trust and admire and have respect for the leaders while the followers had the motivation to extend beyond expectation. In other studies, there was a suggestion that transformational leadership changed and followers be induced by giving them instructions on criticality of objectives to attain. Therefore, the leaders made followers to be impelled to give up their aspirations for team’s or organization’s benefit. In his previous works, Yulk (2006) stated that contingencies in which transformational style was probable to spring was in an unstable and dynamic environment, a friendly and flexible one to innovation. Nevertheless, the French never considered innovation friendliness to be a

Emergent Literacy and Alphabet Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emergent Literacy and Alphabet Knowledge - Essay Example Blevins (22) writes that, â€Å"Children who have limited alphabet knowledge upon entering school may have trouble gaining the all-important alphabet recognition skills through the traditional â€Å"letter a week† method. Without the necessary memorization, early reading instruction becomes cumbersome and difficult.† This means that alphabet knowledge is a crucial pre-requisite of literacy development, and is not hard for the children to learn when they are already in their emergent literacy phase. A little effort from parents can do the trick. It is important to discuss how emergent literacy and alphabet knowledge may be taught in a classroom setting. Although the primary role in emergent literacy is that of the parents’, but teachers can also play their part in enhancing the preschoolers’ emergent literacy skills. One example is through games. Since the children are not yet familiar with formal reading and writing, games are very effective, which can be downloaded and installed in computer systems. Games include a wide variety of learning concepts, ranging from simple letters to words card games. Many games reinforce letter recognition and alphabet learning, using flashcards and personalized cards. Teachers can group the games according to each main literacy concept. Since teachers are the main source of inspiration for children, they should use a wide variety of new words and concepts in their language in the classroom. They should introduce descriptive words every now and then. They should read stories and poems to the children, to develop an association between them and the books. They should create sound and letter awareness through exposure to sounds through music, building blocks, puzzles, etc. a well-stocked library area... It is important to discuss how emergent literacy and alphabet knowledge may be taught in a classroom setting. Although the primary role in emergent literacy is that of the parents’, but teachers can also play their part in enhancing the preschoolers’ emergent literacy skills. One example is through games. Since the children are not yet familiar with formal reading and writing, games are very effective, which can be downloaded and installed in computer systems. Games include a wide variety of learning concepts, ranging from simple letters to words card games. Many games reinforce letter recognition and alphabet learning, using flashcards and personalized cards. Teachers can group the games according to each main literacy concept. Since teachers are the main source of inspiration for children, they should use a wide variety of new words and concepts in their language in the classroom. They should introduce descriptive words every now and then. They should read stories and poems to the children, to develop an association between them and the books. They should create sound and letter awareness through exposure to sounds through music, building blocks, puzzles, etc. a well-stocked library area should always be there for the children to go to, where they can explore alphabet knowledge on their own. They should be encouraged to draw and scribble on the black/white board. Teachers should also make reading interactive through choral repetition and pointing-at-a-picture method.

Co-Branding in the Fashion Industry Dissertation

Co-Branding in the Fashion Industry - Dissertation Example This study sought to investigate this assumption and in so doing, identify the determinants of successful versus unsuccessful co-branding ventures in the fashion industry. The question cited in the above was explored through a critical review of the literature and a survey of consumer opinion. The literature review, spread over two chapters, found that co-branding has the potential to significantly contribute to increased revenues for both of the partner firms and can enhance their respective market presence and visibility. On the downside, however, the findings of the literature review suggested that the greater majority of co-branding ventures failed and negatively reflected upon both of the partner brands. Within the context of the stated, the study focused on the identification of the reasons for failure. The literature review identified several causal factors, the most important of which was partner reputation. A company's market reputation determined consumer perceptions of it and, thus, its market performance. Brands which were identified as untrustworthy and unreliable were not likely to perform well on the market and were further found to nega tively impact upon partners within the context of a co-branding venture. The primary data supported the findings of the literature review. The study adopted a quasi experimental approach in which the factor of partner reputation was manipulated. The consumer survey showed that brands with a positive reputation were likely to suffer were they to ally themselves with a brand with a negative reputation, while that with the negative reputation was likely to benefit from partnership with a brand with a positive reputation. Total Words: 11,440 Table of Contents ii Declaration i Acknowledgements iii Abstract v Table... The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the impact of alliances among private organizations on people's perceptions of the impact of the pairings on attitudes toward the organizations. There is a marketing emphasis in this research that seeks to understand how people's perceptions of an organization are affected when it partners with another organization to pursue joint goals. The theoretical basis of this study draws upon the concept of brand alliances, or co-branding. A significant part of the dissertation will be devoted to a comprehensive review of the literature and to the process of precisely conceptualizing brand alliances in private organizations. This study is aimed at introducing brand alliances and examining their positive features, and also at identifying risks that organizations take in choosing other organizations with which to partner. Limited research is available on consumer perceptions of brand alliances in the private sector. Consequently, this dissertation research is exploratory in nature, seeking to identify issues that may arise and make suggestions regarding how they can be addressed. Organizations survive in part upon their reputations, embodied in the public perception of them. A business organization that sells a product- relies on the public perception of the quality of its product for sales. This includes visions of the quality of management, the reliability of its service guarantees, and the perception that the company stands behind its product.

Emergent Literacy and Alphabet Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Emergent Literacy and Alphabet Knowledge - Essay Example Blevins (22) writes that, â€Å"Children who have limited alphabet knowledge upon entering school may have trouble gaining the all-important alphabet recognition skills through the traditional â€Å"letter a week† method. Without the necessary memorization, early reading instruction becomes cumbersome and difficult.† This means that alphabet knowledge is a crucial pre-requisite of literacy development, and is not hard for the children to learn when they are already in their emergent literacy phase. A little effort from parents can do the trick. It is important to discuss how emergent literacy and alphabet knowledge may be taught in a classroom setting. Although the primary role in emergent literacy is that of the parents’, but teachers can also play their part in enhancing the preschoolers’ emergent literacy skills. One example is through games. Since the children are not yet familiar with formal reading and writing, games are very effective, which can be downloaded and installed in computer systems. Games include a wide variety of learning concepts, ranging from simple letters to words card games. Many games reinforce letter recognition and alphabet learning, using flashcards and personalized cards. Teachers can group the games according to each main literacy concept. Since teachers are the main source of inspiration for children, they should use a wide variety of new words and concepts in their language in the classroom. They should introduce descriptive words every now and then. They should read stories and poems to the children, to develop an association between them and the books. They should create sound and letter awareness through exposure to sounds through music, building blocks, puzzles, etc. a well-stocked library area... It is important to discuss how emergent literacy and alphabet knowledge may be taught in a classroom setting. Although the primary role in emergent literacy is that of the parents’, but teachers can also play their part in enhancing the preschoolers’ emergent literacy skills. One example is through games. Since the children are not yet familiar with formal reading and writing, games are very effective, which can be downloaded and installed in computer systems. Games include a wide variety of learning concepts, ranging from simple letters to words card games. Many games reinforce letter recognition and alphabet learning, using flashcards and personalized cards. Teachers can group the games according to each main literacy concept. Since teachers are the main source of inspiration for children, they should use a wide variety of new words and concepts in their language in the classroom. They should introduce descriptive words every now and then. They should read stories and poems to the children, to develop an association between them and the books. They should create sound and letter awareness through exposure to sounds through music, building blocks, puzzles, etc. a well-stocked library area should always be there for the children to go to, where they can explore alphabet knowledge on their own. They should be encouraged to draw and scribble on the black/white board. Teachers should also make reading interactive through choral repetition and pointing-at-a-picture method.

Biblical Authority Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biblical Authority - Article Example From this paper it is clear that Wright N.T delivering the lecture at The Laing Lecture 1989, and the Griffith Thomas Lecture 1989, had a goal of justifying that the bible is worth being authoritative and is indeed authoritative because the words of the bible are the words of God and God Himself and that God is perfect and all-knowing enough to give out instructions that would last and be valid till the end of days. Having explained all terminologies involved and visited views of opposing schools of thought, it is in place to say that the author developed his thesis logically. Indeed, the author’s major strength was for him to have attributed all his arguments to biblical relations and paying homage to other people on the other side of his position.This study highlights that the author really composed his thoughts and arguments well. For him to describe God as omniscient, knowing what is good for all humankind in years to come even before the actual time comes would really lea ve very little room for opposing critics. There however remain unanswered questions to me on how the writer justified most schools of thought. This leaves room for so much doubt if the author’s own stand was authoritative enough.  The writer writes a rather accommodating remark on the school of thought that the scripture was made for to address issues of specific times of the world’s existence and so may be justified not to be thought as an authoritative material for our day.

English And Vietnamese Prepositions Contrastive Analysis Cultural Studies Essay

English And Vietnamese Prepositions Contrastive Analysis Cultural Studies Essay Prepositions are words used to connect nouns or noun structures to other structures in a sentence. They exist in both English and Vietnamese language systems. However, prepositions have different characteristics and usage in each language. The use of prepositions may cause lots of trouble for Vietnamese people when learning English and vice versa. Therefore, this paper aims at analyzing English and Vietnamese prepositions in a contrastive view, especially in showing direction and location so that leaners can find it easier to learn them. This paper also supplies some implications for teaching prepositions which can be useful for those who teaching English or Vietnamese. Through these implications, I hope that they can help teachers know how to help students use prepositions correctly and appropriately. Literature Review Prepositions in English Definition According to Oxford Advanced Learners dictionary, a preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or method. Another definition is that a preposition may be defined as connecting word showing the relation of a noun or a noun substitute to some other words in the sentence (the squirrel in the tree; the preposition in shows the relationship between the squirrel and the tree.) (Prepositions: definition and usage, n.d). From these definitions, we can come to a conclusion about the function of a preposition which is it is used to connect nouns and noun structures with other structures in a sentence. Prepositions that we often use in everyday life are: with, at, by, to, in, for, from, of, on. It is estimated that these prepositions make up for ninety percent of preposition usage. The part following a preposition is called its object. The object of a preposition can be a noun, a pronoun, a gerund or a noun clause. For example, we have: a noun: We gave a present to our  secretaries. a  pronoun: We gave a present to  them. a  gerund: We thought about  giving  a present to them. a  noun clause: We thought about giving a present  to whoever worked for us. (Lougheed, n.d) Form Prepositions are often in one-word form; however, there are also other prepositions with more than one word. They are made up with two or three words. For example, we have on behalf of, in front of, in accordance with, in line with, in relation to and so on. Another form is called prepositional phrase. Prepositional phrases are groups of words that begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun. Some phrases are used commonly and in a number of situations such as acting as an adjective  or an  adverb, locating something in time and space, modifying a noun, or telling when or where or under what conditions something happened. (Prepositions: Locator in time and place, n.d). Examples of these prepositional phrases are out of work, at any rate, by means of, in person, under orders, from now on and so forth. Besides, there are some called marginal prepositions which are verbal in forms, such as concerning, considering, including, pending and more. Usage Prepositions are used with a lot of functions including time, location, manner, means, quantity, purpose, and state or condition. Regarding to prepositions of time, there are some prepositions like at, on, in, from, since, for, during, to, till/until, after, afterwards, by.before and so forth. For example, we have: at six oclock, on Monday or in the evening. Another usage of prepositions is to show location. Some belong to this category are in,at,on,next to,beside, behind,in front of,opposite,near,on top of,under,above and so on. For example, Jone  lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham, She lives in Durham or Mary is sitting next to me. Prepositions of movement include: from,to,at,into,out of,towards,on,onto,across,through,around,along,up. For instance, he ran out of the room or Mary run towards the walls. Other usages are listed below. Means or agent: by: He was hit by a ball. from: His success results from careful planning . in: He takes pleasure in it. on: They live on bread and water. with: He chased the mongoose with a stick. Manner: by: By doing it yourself in: He left in confusion. like: He looks like a hero. on: I swear it on my word of honor. with: He ate it with a fork. State or condition: at: My friend is at work. by: They are by themselves in: He is in a state of confusion on: He is on duty (scheduled to work). for: I mistook you for someone else. as: I see her as a good person . Quantity or mesure: for: We drove for twenty miles. by: We bought them by the kilo Purpose: for: He bought it for an emergency. She went to the city for sightseeing. He loved her for her thoughtfulness. (Prepositions: definition and usage, n.d) Vietnamese Prepositions Definition Like English, Vietnamese also has a category of word which is similar to prepositions. We may call this category Vietnamese equivalent of English preposition. To make it simple, some people prefer to use the name preposition. Nevertheless, the notion preposition in Vietnamese is a quite complicated issue because some linguists have claimed that prepositions do not exist in Vietnamese. Yet, according to Tuc (2003), although the distinction between prepositions and serial verbs in Vietnamese is not always clear-cut, Vietnamese prepositions do exist (p.69). In his book, he also gave many examples to prove his opinion. Moreover, nowadays, in many books of teaching Vietnamese for foreigners, the name preposition is often used. Therefore, to be convenient, the name Vietnamese preposition is used for equivalent of English preposition in Vietnamese in this paper. Types of prepositions in Vietnamese According to Tran (2007) there are two main types of preposition in Vietnamese: prepositions of time and location. In addition, there are some other prepositions called miscellaneous ones. Prepositions of time are và  o (in, on, at), trong or suà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœt (during), trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc (before), sau (after), kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã†â€™ tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ « khi (since) and cho tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi khi (until). In terms of prepositions of location, there are trà ªn (on, above, over), trong (in, inside), chung quanh (around), bà ªn phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i (on the right of), cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡nh (next to) and so on. Finally, miscellaneous prepositions conclude cho (for), và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi (with), và ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  (about), nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  (thanks to), bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸i (by) and so forth. Here are some examples about how these prepositions are used in sentences. Their usage in Vietnamese is similar to in English. Time: Tà ´i thÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng dà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ­y và  o sà ¡u già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  sà ¡ng (I usually get up at six am) Trong bà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a tià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡c cà ´ à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y khà ´ng nà ³i gà ¬ cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £. (She said nothing during the party) Location: Bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡n tà ´i sà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ Sà  i Gà ²n (My friend lives in Saigon) Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £o tà  ng nà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ±m bà ªn phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i tià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡m sà ¡ch cÃ…Â © (The museum is located on the right of the used bookstore) Miscellaneous: Là ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡i Ä‘Ã ¢y ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Å"i và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi tà ´i! (Come and sit with me) Nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ º mua hoa cho tà ´i nhà ©. (Remember to buy flowers for me, OK?) Ä Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi tà ´i, chuyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n Ä‘Ã ³ khà ´ng quan trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng (That issue doesnt matter to me) (Tran, 2007) Contrast between English and Vietnamese prepositions The notion preposition is quite an interesting issue. There may be so many things to say if we compare prepositions in English with those in Vietnamese in a large scale. Nonetheless, within this paper, I only make a contrast between English and Vietnamese prepositions in two aspects: prepositions of movement with directional verbs and locative prepositions because they often cause problems for Vietnamese people when learning English and vice versa. Prepositions of movement with directional verbs The first difference between English and Vietnamese prepositions is related to directional verbs. In English, directional verbs like come, go and arrive cannot take direct objects. This means they must have a preposition (or a prepositional phrase), bare particle or deictic verbial (bare noun phrase adverb). Since prepositions are being discussed in this paper, the examples with bare particle and deictic verbial are not mentioned. Here are the examples of directional verbs with prepositions Sally has gone  to  New York. Catrin will come  to  Sheffield next month. They arrived at the airport. (Vietnamese online grammar,n.d) In Vietnamese, by contrast, there is no need to use prepositions with these directional verbs because these verbs can take direct objects by themselves. We have these examples: Tuà ¡Ã‚ ºn trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc cà ´ Ä‘i Luà ¢n Ä Ãƒ ´n (Last week she went to London) Bao già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  cà ´ à ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¥y Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹nh sang Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam? (When does she intend to come to Vietnam?) Mà ¡y.bay xuà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœng phi-trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ «Ãƒâ€ Ã‚ ¡ng Lià ªn-khang. (The plane landed at Lien khang airport) (Vietnamese online grammar,n.d) Actually, in Vietnamese, there is no preposition which is similar to preposition to in English. The verb Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n (reach, arrive at) is used instead as the following examples: Tà ´i khà ´ng cà ³ thà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚  Ä‘i (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿n) bÆ °u Ä‘ià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡n I dont have time to go to the post-office Locative prepositions In English, space prepositions state the location of an object without paying attention to the position of the speakers. For example, English people often say: the plane is in the sky, the child is playing in the kitchen, cars run in the street. (McCarty, Pà ©rez, Torres-Guzman,  To, Watahomigie, 2004, p. 150). On the contrary, in Vietnamese, people tend to consider the position of the speakers. They say: mà ¡y bay à ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¸ trà ªn trà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ i (the plane is above him or her), Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©a trà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ » Ä‘ang chÆ ¡i trong nhà   bà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿p (the child is inside the kitchen), nhà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯ng chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿c xe hÆ ¡i chà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡y ngoà  i Ä‘Æ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ng (cars are outside). Therefore, preposition in can be translated three ways into Vietnamese with three different meanings: trà ªn, trong, ngoà  i. In addition, Tran (2010) mentioned several differences between English and Vietnamese prepositions in terms of semantics and pragmatics. First, when describing the higher position, they take the contact meaning between trajector (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi tÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹nh và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹) and landmark (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi tÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng qui chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u) into consideration.For example, they distinguish the meaning of on, above and over. Meanwhile, Vietnamese people almost do not pay attention to this aspect. They just use the only word trà ªn. Second, when talking about the relation between above (trà ªn) and under (dÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi), English people are always aware of whether or not trajector (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi tÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹nh và ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹) is in the vertical reference (và ¹ng quy chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u thà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ³ng Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ©ng) of the land marks (Ä‘Ã ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬Ëœi tÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ £ng qui chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u) area. That is the reason why they have these words: above / over / on and under / below / beneath. In contrast, Vietnamese people only devide the space into two part above/under (trà ªn/dÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi).To indicate the middle position, English has in the middle of / between (for 2 objects) and among (for 3 objects and more) while Vietnamese use the word già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a for all these cases. Examples of this kind are summarized in the table below. Notion English prepositions Vietnamese prepositions TRONG in, inside trong NGOÀI out, outside, out of ngoà  i TRÊN on, upon,above,on top of, over,atop Trà ªn DÆ ¯Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¡I under, underneath, beneath, below dÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºi TRÆ ¯Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã… ¡C before,in front of, ahead of, preceding trÆ °Ãƒ ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ºc SAU behind, following, at the back of (br), in the back of (ame) Sau BÊN by, near, next to, close to, beside, alongside, to the right/left bà ªn, cà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¡nh, sà ¡t, gà ¡Ã‚ ºn, kà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ , bà ªn phà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ £i, bà ªn trà ¡i GIà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ®A within, among, between, in the middle of, in the midst of già ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¯a (Tran, 2010) Implications for teaching After having contrasted English and Vietnamese prepositions in two aspects as above, I would like to mention the implications for teaching English at high school in our country. Since learners tend to translate everything into their mother tongue, teachers should be very careful when teaching English, especially prepositions. They need to realize that there is no exact one-to-one translation from English to Vietnamese and vice versa. Referring to the discussion prepositions with directional verbs, we know that when translating a sentence from English to Vietnamese or Vietnamese to English, sometimes we may add or omit the prepositions. For instance, we may not use preposition to with directional verbs in Vietnamese. Moreover, as discussed in the section Locative prepositions above, we can realize that a Vietnamese preposition may have several prepositions which are equivalent to them in English. Therefore, teachers should ask learners to take notice of this issue and know when to use the most appropriate preposition. In sum, to make sure the exact preposition is used, learners should observe how a preposition is used in a certain context. They should not tra nslate directly using prepositions in their language since prepositions can be used differently in different language. Moreover, the difference between Vietnamese and English prepositions is mainly due to semantics and the notion of reference (quan nià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡m quy chià ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¿u), so it is vital that teachers have enough knowledge of these fields to explain to students completely. Culture difference and the habit of using prepositions in each language are also the things that teachers should bear in mind. If teachers are very careful about these things, students may reduce making mistakes when using prepositions. Conclusion In conclusion, preposition is an interesting category in linguistics. There are so many things to discuss about preposition. However, sometimes learners may feel confused about how to use prepositions correctly, especially when Vietnamese prepositions have something different from English prepositions. That is the reason why learners often make mistakes when dealing with prepositions. A contrastive analysis in this area is necessary and important because it shows difference between English and Vietnamese prepositions in relation to direction and location. Directional and locative prepositions are the ones that often causes trouble to students more than other types. After having contrasted them, we can see that English prepositions are more complex than those in Vietnamese. Moreover, the research also suggest some implications for teaching prepositions in Vietnamese high school, so I hope that this research paper will be a piece of useful referent material for those who are interested in teaching a language aspect, particularly preposition.

American Literature :: essays papers

American Literature American literature during the first half of the nineteenth century took many forms and ideas that still effect our ever so changing society today. Henry David Thoreau was among the notable writers during this time, and his impact of American literature will not soon be forgotten. His perseverance, love for nature, and humanitarian beliefs helped to mold the ideas and values of early American history. He was born in Concord, Massachusetts on July 12 in 1817. His parents, both abolitionists of slavery, were John and Cynthia Thoreau. During his childhood years his parents, along with Henry’s older siblings John Jr. and Helen, often took the family on long walks though the valleys and hills of Concord. The seeds of Henry’s love for nature were planted during this time. As a young school boy, at the Concord public school and later at the Concord Academy, many of his peers sought after him as loner who took everything too serious. In 1833 Henry’s parents had save d enough money to send him off to college at Harvard University. Even though he barely passed the entrance exam, he would later become one of the top students in his graduating class. In 1836 financial and health problems forced Thoreau to postpone his studies at Harvard and seek a job. He taught school for a semester in Canton, Massachusetts and returned to Harvard in the Spring of 1837. He took a full load of classes that Spring and Summer semesters and graduated in August of 1837. After graduating Thoreau had no idea what he wanted to do with his education. After debating over many different careers he finally concluded that teaching would be his calling. He landed a position at Center School in 1837 in Concord, however he resigned two weeks later after many teachers and students complained of his teaching methods and strictness in the classroom. Over the next year he worked many small jobs around Concord, and also became friends with Ralph Waldo Emerson. The elder Emerson influe nced Thoreau in his belief in Transcendentalism. â€Å"Thoreau was indelibly marked by his mentor’s philosophy† (Sanborn 122). In 1838 Henry and his brother John started their own public school in Concord. John taught English and math, while Henry taught science and foreign languages. The brothers had completely different teaching methods and often times came at odds with each other.

Their Eyes Were Watching Essay -- Literary Analysis, Zora Neale Hurst

Oftentimes, the quest for self discovery centers on the search for one’s voice. In Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching Gd the reader learns about Janie, the novel’s protagonist and hero, as she tells her friend Phoebe how she found her identity. Early on the reader learns that language is an important motif in the novel, yet, Zora Neale Hurston deliberately leaves out Janie’s voice in the scene where she uses it to save her life (acquit her of murder). In this scene, Janie does not speak through direct discourse or free mixed indirect discourse; her testimony is relayed to the reader through the narrator. Zora Neale Hurston did this to clarify the meaning of the novel: voice is best used for story telling (to people who will listen). It is used to tell stories that will be passed around and help others grow. It is a means of passing down history. It is a vehicle for story-telling (folklore). ***include a line or 2 that states and organizes my arguments***** At first the novel seems as if it is about Janie’s quest for love. But a deeper look reveals a more profound message. The real story is about Janie overcoming the struggles that keep her from finding her identity. Her identity is tied with her ability to become a storyteller, which she cannot become until she finds her voice. Janie’s evolution occurs as she â€Å"grows to understand the loneliness of silence [and] how morality is required for community† (Meese 47). Her voice is who she is, and just like folklore, it is shaped by beliefs, experiences, and dreams. (i.e. another hint that folklore is the identity of her culture). However, having a voice is only half of the battle, knowing when and how to use it is just as important. At the store opening in ... ...Hurston added this scene to show the importance of culture. By not accepting her heritage, Mrs. Turner leads a miserable life because she is rejecting her identity. Janie is not influenced by the white standard of judgment. Unlike Mrs. Turner’s marriage, Janie’s is real; she truly admires her husband and his ability to â€Å"take most any lil thing and make summertime out of it when times is dull.† (173). Hurston wants the people of her culture to be proud of who they are. By not doing so, they lead miserable lives like Mrs. Turner’s. Conclusion: present day folklore is story telling through music. Not all rap and hip hop songs are about sex and drugs. Many artists write songs with meaning. Like Jay Z’s â€Å"Can I live†. Include some lyrics and what they mean, telling the black folk of today some morals he learned along the way that helped me become and stay successful.