Contribution Of Rene Descartes To Mathematics Philosophy Essay

Contribution Of Rene Descartes To Mathematics Philosophy EssayRene Descartes was natural on March 31, 1596, in the magnificent city of the south of France (Touraine, France). Joachim Descartes his start out was a councilor of Congress and intelligence, and ensured that Descartes was provided an excellent environment for learning. In 1606, when Descartes reached an age of 8 years, was admitted to Jesuit College of Henry IV, where he studied literature, grammar, science and math for octet years. He was usu tot on the wholeyy and critic eachy unhealthy and was allowed to stay in provide late each morning. However, he studied the classics, logic and school of thought. In all Descartes just found mathematics is satisfactory to the truth of natural science. In 1614, he left the university to try civil and pottyon law at Poitiers. In 1616, he received his baccalaureate and licentiate titles. The degrees outside it, Descartes also played out time perusal philosophy, theology and he alth. Descartes spent several years studying mathematics in Paris with friends, as Messene. Over time, a opus for this shell of education or enlist in the army or the church. Descartes decides to enlist in the army of a noble bit in 1617.During the service, with slightly geometric issues Descartes, a problem that had become a challenge for everyone to solve. Descartes understand it in only a a few(prenominal) mins. Later, he met a man named Isaac Holland Beckman a scientist that became a friend of Descartes. Shortly by and by he took forefinger in mathematics, the tasks is in the army would be unacceptable to him. However, he was bland in the army under the influence of family and tradition.In 1621, Descartes give up the army and traveled extensively for doing researches in pure mathematics. Then he settled in Paris in 1626, he found the facial expression of the optical (eye) Instruments. Finally, in 1628, became the researcher for truth near the natural sciences.During this period, he moved to the Netherlands. He go on to live in there for everywhere twenty years. During this period, Descartes published his for the first time meditations philosophy. None other than his own work, he discovered his renowned phrase I think then I exist. It could be apply to cause the entangled ideas of the universe in the unsubdivided idea thats true. So Descartes continued his work in mathematics.In 1638, the geometric aspect of Descartes became famous in the bio charty of mathematics, as he did the de printboard of uninflected geometry. Although this work has been done before by other mathematicians and the history of mathematics, introduces the theory Descartes Identify a commit in a idlervas of couplings of veritable plays ( arranged pairs). This is called Cartesian delta.In 1649, Queen Descartes invited to Sweden to work in mathematics. It is said that the Queen wants to work in mathematics in the archeozoic morning hours. So Descartes must wak e up early to go to the palace. Due to the cold climate, they developed pneumonia by and by only a few months and died on February 11, 1650.Contribution to MathematicsDescartes has made mevery notable and famous contributions to mathematics. In 1618, when Descartes travelled to Holland to finally settle there, he met a 30 year-old student of medicine, Isaac Beeckman, after next few weeks. This clean friend of Descartes was astounded at capability of Descartes at maths. Over the next few weeks Descartes showed Beeckman the side by side(p) factsHow to apply algebra and mathematics to m whatsoever problems.Mathematics could be employ to a more precise spacing and tuning of lute stings,Proposed algebraical grammatical construction to determine the raise in water level when a tough object was placed in water.Drew a geometric graph that showed how to predict the accelerating speed of a pencil falling in a vacuum at any time during a panelinal hour period.How a spinning top stays upright and how this could be use to help man become airborne.By the end of 1618, Descartes was already app hypocrisy algebraic equations to solve geometric problems. It was then, not later as many sources say, that he invented analytical geometry.Descartes attempted to provide a philosophical animal foot for the new mechanistic physics that was developing from the work of Copernicus and Galileo. He divided all things into devil categories-mind and matter-and developed a dualistic philosophical dodging in which, although mind is subject to the will and does not follow physical laws, all matter must obey the same mechanistic lawsThe philosophical constitution that Descartes developed, known as Cartesian philosophy, was based on skepticism and maintain that all reliable knowledge must be built up by the use of reason through logical abridgment. Cartesian philosophy was influential in the ultimate success of the Scientific Revolution and provides the foundation upon which intima tely subsequent philosophical thought is grounded.Descartes published various treatises about philosophy and mathematics. In 1637 Descartes published his masterwork, Discourse on the Method of ratiocination well and Seeking Truth in the Sciences. In Discourse, Descartes sought to develop everything in terms of matter and motion. Discourse contained three appendices, one on optics, one on meteorology, and one titled La Gometrie (The Geometry). In La Gometrie, Descartes exposit what is now known as the governing body of Cartesian Coordinates, or ordinate geometry. In Descartess system of coordinates, geometry and algebra were united for the first time to create what is known as analytic geometry.Many of his contributions to mathematics arCartesian coordinate systemFibred formCartesian produce blot (geometry)Descartes rule of signsDescartes theorem analytic geometryPullback TheormCartesian Coordinate formHistoryThe idea of this system was developed in 1637 with deuce plant by Descartes and independently by Pierre de Fermat, although Fermat used three- placeal and unpublished findings. In the second part of his lecture method, Descartes introduces the new idea of find the location of a point or object on the surface, victimization two intersecting axes as measuring guides. La Geometrie, he continued to explore the archetype mentioned above.It might be interesting to note that al close people obligate pointed out that the masters of the Renaissance used a grid, in the form of a mesh, as a tool to peril the constituent parts of their subjects, they summate color. Descartes may affect only speculate. (See opinion, ray geometry.) Development of the Cartesian coordinate system enabled the development of the calculation of Isaac atomic number 7 and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.Nicole Oresme, a 14th century French philosopher, construction similar to utilise Cartesian coordinates before the time of Descartes.Many other coordinate system is developed for Descartes, as the plane polar coordinates and the spherical and cylindrical coordinates three-dimensional space.ListenRead phoneticallyDictionary View detailed lexiconIntroductionA Cartesian coordinate system specifies each point uniquely in a plane by a pair of numerical coordinates, which ar the subscribe quads from the point to two fixed right directed lines, measured in the same unit of length.Each name line is called a coordinate bloc or just axis of the system, and the point where they meet is its origin. The coordinates can also be defined as the positions of the perpendicular gibbositys of the point onto the two axes, expressed as a signed distances from the origin.Illustration of a Cartesian coordinate plane.Four points be attach and labeled with their coordinates (2,3) in green, (3,1) in red, (1.5,2.5) in blue, and the origin (0,0) in purple. unity can use the same principle to particularise the position of any point in three-dimensional space by three Cartesian coordinates, its signed distances to three mutually perpendicular planes (or, equivalently, by its perpendicular projection onto three mutually perpendicular lines). In common, one can specify a point in a space of any dimension n by use of n Cartesian coordinates, the signed distances from n mutually perpendicular hyper planes.Cartesian coordinate system with a circulate of radius 2 centered at the origin marked in red. The equation of a circle is x2 + y2 = r2.The invention of Cartesian coordinates in the seventeenth century by Ren Descartes revolutionized mathematics by providing the first systematic combine between Euclidean geometry and algebra. Using the Cartesian coordinate system, geometric shapes (such as curves) can be described by Cartesian equations algebraic equations involving the coordinates of the points lying on the shape. For example, a circle of radius 2 may be described as the set of all points whose coordinates x and y conform to the equation x2 + y2 = 22.Ca rtesian coordinates are the foundation of analytic geometry, and provide edify geometric interpretations for many other branches of mathematics, such as linear algebra, complex analysis, differential geometry, multivariate calculus, group theory, and more. A familiar example is the concept of the graph of a function. Cartesian coordinates are also essential tools for roughly applied disciplines that deal with geometry, including astronomy, physics, engineering, and many more. They are the most common coordinate system used in computer graphics, computer-aided geometric design, and other geometry-related data processing.Cartesian formulas for the planeDistance between two pointsThe Euclidean distance between two points of the plane with Cartesian coordinates (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) isThis is the Cartesian version of Pythagoras theorem. In three-dimensional space, the distance between points (x1,y1,z1) and (x2,y2,z2) isWhich can be obtained by two consecutive applications of Pythagoras theorem?Fibred crime syndicateIntroductionFibred categories are complex entities in mathematics is used to provide a general framework for the first theory. They are formalized in different situations and algebraic geometry, where the reverse image (or pull-backs) the objects as vector stilts can be determined. For example, for every topological space can be eliminated in the vector space, and for all continuous maps from a topological space X into a topological space Y is a combination of functional bundle bundle the pullback of Y type of system X . flesh goals include normalization and contrast image functors. Same settings appear in various guises in mathematics, especially algebra, geometry, that is the context in which the body of the type originally appeared. Fibrations also plays an important role in the theory of category classification and theoretical computer science, especially in the theoretical nonplus dependsCartesian harvestingIntroductionIn mathematics, a Carte sian product (or product set) is the direct product of two sets. The Cartesian product is named after Ren Descartes, whose formulation of analytic geometry gave rise to this concept.Specifically, the Cartesian product of two sets X (for example the points on an x-axis) and Y (for example the points on a y-axis), denoted X - Y, is the set of all possible request pairs whose first component is a member of X and whose second component is a member of Y (e.g., the whole of the x-y plane)2For example, the Cartesian product of the 13-element set of standard contend card ranks Ace, King, Queen, Jack, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 and the four-element set of card suits , , , is the 52-element set of all possible playing cards ranks - suits = (Ace, ), (King, ), , (2, ), (Ace, ), , (3, ), (2, ). The corresponding Cartesian product has 52 = 13 - 4 elements. The Cartesian product of the suits - ranks would still be the 52 pairings, but in the opposite order (, Ace), (, King), . Ordered pairs (a kind of tuple) have order, but sets are unordered. The order in which the elements of a set are listed is irrelevant you can shuffle the deck and its still the same set of cards.A Cartesian product of two finite sets can be represented by a table, with one set as the rows and the other as the columns, and forming the ordered pairs, the cells of the table, by choosing the element of the set from the row and the column.Basic propertiesLet A,B,C, and D be sets.In cases where the two input sets are not the same, the Cartesian product is not commutative because the ordered pairs are reversed.Although the elements of each of the ordered pairs in the sets will be the same, the pairing will differ.For example1,2 x 3,4 = (1,3), (1,4), (2,3), (2,4)3,4 x 1,2 = (3,1), (3,2), (4,1), (4,2)One exception is with the empty set, which acts as a zero, and for catch sets.and, supposing G,T are sets and G=TStrictly speaking, the Cartesian product is not associative.The Cartesian Product acts nicely with respect to laps.Notice that in most cases the above statement is not true if we replace intersection with union.However, for intersection and union it holds forand,n-ary productThe Cartesian product can be reason out to the n-ary Cartesian product over n sets X1, , XnIt is a set of n-tuples. If tuples are defined as nested ordered pairs, it can be identified to (X1 - - Xn-1) - Xn.Defect (geometry)IntroductionIn geometry, the defect (or deficit) means the failure of some angles to wreak up to the expected amount of 360 or 180, when such angles in the plane would. The opposite notion is the pleonastic.Classically the defect arises in two waysthe defect of a tiptop of a polyhedronthe defect of a hyperbolic triangleand the excess arises in one waythe excess of a spherical triangle.In the plane, angles about a point join on up to 360, while national angles in a triangle summate up to 180 (equivalently, exterior angles wreak up to 360). However, on a convex polyhedron the angle s at a vertex on average add up to less that 360, on a spherical triangle the interior angles ceaselessly add up to more than 180 (the exterior angles add up to less that 360), and the angles in a hyperbolic triangle always add up to less than 180 (the exterior angles add up to more than 360).In modern terms, the defect at a vertex or over a triangle (with a minus) is precisely the bend at that point or the total (integrated) over the triangle, as open by the Gauss-Bonnet theorem.Descartes rule of signsIntroductionIn mathematics, Descartes rule of signs, first described by Ren Descartes in his work La Gomtrie, is a proficiency for determining the number of collateral or negative real root of a polynomial.The rule gives us an upper bound number of positive or negative roots of a polynomial. It is not a deterministic rule, i.e. it does not tell the exact number of positive or negative roots.Positive rootThe rule states that if the terms of a single-variable polynomial with real c oefficients are ordered by descending variable exponent, then the number of positive roots of the polynomial is either equal to the number of sign differences between consecutive nonzero coefficients, or less than it by a quadruplex of 2. Multiple roots of the same value are counted separately.Negative RootsAs a corollary of the rule, the number of negative roots is the number of sign changes after negating the coefficients of odd-power terms (otherwise seen as substituting the negation of the variable for the variable itself), or fewer than it by a multiple of 2.Descartes theoremIntroductionIn geometry, Descartes theorem, named after Ren Descartes, establishes a relationship between four kissing, or mutually sunburn, circles. The theorem can be used to construct a stern circle tangent to three given, mutually tangent circles.Descartes theoremIf four mutually tangent circles have curvatures ki (for i=1,,4), Descartes theorem says(1)When trying to find the radius of a fourth circl e tangent to three given kissing circles, the equation is better rewritten as(2)The sign reflects the fact that there are in general two outcomes. Ignoring the degenerate case of a straight line, one solution is positive and the other is either positive or negative if negative, it represents a circle that circumscribes the first three (as shown in the diagram above).Other criteria may favor one solution over the other in any given problem.Analytic GeometryIntroductionAnalytic geometry has two different meanings in mathematics. Except for the section Modern analytic geometry, this article treats the classical and basal meaning, which is a synonym of coordinate geometry. The modern and advanced meaning refers to the geometry of analytic varieties, whose object is sketched in Section Modern analytic geometry, below.Cartesian coordinates.Analytic geometry, also known as coordinate geometry, analytical geometry, or Cartesian geometry, is the study of geometry using a coordinate syste m and the principles of algebra and analysis. This contrasts with the general come out of Euclidean geometry, which holds a number of geometric concepts as primitives, and use deductive reasoning based on axioms and theorems get the facts. Analytical geometry is the foundation of most modern areas of geometry, including algebraic geometry, differential geometry and discrete geometry and calculations, and are widely used in physics and engineering.Usually the Cartesian coordinate system is applied to manipulate the equations for planes, lines, and square, often two and sometimes three-dimensional measurement. Geometry, a study of the Euclidean plane (1400) and Euclidean space (1500). As taught in textbooks, geometry analysis can be explained more simply it is concerned with defining a geometric shape and get some information from a congresswoman of that. The digital outputs, however, might also be a vector or a shape. That the algebra of the real numbers can be employed to issuanc e results about the linear continuum of geometry relies on the Cantor-Dedekind axiom.Pullback (category theorem)IntroductionIn category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pullback (also called a fiber product, character reference product, fibered product or Cartesian square) is the limit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f XZ and gYZ with a common codomain it is the limit of the cospan . The pullback is often written

The Expansion Of A Vietnamese Fast Food Company Marketing Essay

The amplification Of A Viet c everye Fast provender caller Marketing strainPHO24 is a restaurant mountain chain in Vietnam with over 50 sortes direct worldwide serving tasty Ttraditional Viet adducese Pho bonces. Its a Vietnamese domed stadium restaurant chain belonging to Nam An convention, the biggest FB Corporation in the outlandish. Apart from PHO24, Nam An Group owns and operates many other different FB brands including An Vien Restaurant, Maxims Nam An Restaurant, Thanh Nien Restaurant, An Restaurant, Goody Ice Cream, Goody electropositive Ice Cream, Ibox Caf, etc.Trung, 39, is the founder of the Nam An Group, the holding alliance behind the Pho24 fast- viands chain, unitary of Vietnams nearly successful home-grown franchises. Armed with a PhD in business judicial system from Australia and a drive to get rich quick, Trung opened the first branch of Pho24 in 2003 in Ho Chi Minh City with the aim of victuals into the citys fast-growing foreign-tourist commercial ise.Pho24s uncommon blend of pho (beef noodles) and air-conditi aced McDonalds-style dining proved as popular with the locals, who now represent more than half of his clientele. Pho24 has grown into one of Vietnams largest fast- nutriment set up, with 24 restaurants nationwide and plans to open another 73 across the country by the end of 2008.Trung is l invariablyaging Pho24s local success into worldwide elaboration plans, with one branch in Indonesia, concrete plans to open restaurants in capital of the Philippines and Singapore this social class, and designs eventually to establish branches in South Korea, Japan, Australia, China and the united States. hostile franchise invasion.Last division, 530 foreign and local brand names were franchised and another 811 franchises were transferred into Vietnam, according to the National Department of Intellectual Property (NDIP). Foreign fast-food franchises atomic number 18 s get-goly finding their place alongside the countrys tradi tional shophouse vendors, including the likes of KFC, Jollibee and Dilmah (a teashop chain).Global brands such as McDonalds, Starbucks, Gloria Jeans, Pizza Hut and Dairy kick upstairs ar readying to make inroads once Vietnam accedes to the World Trade disposal (WTO), which is likely to happen next year. IKEA, Tesco and Wal-Mart have overly reportedly examined the merchandise.Trung views nervelessly the coming foreign invasion, asserting that his superior consciousness of local foodstuff place conditions coupled with the latest foreign management techniques will maintain his develop franchises competitive edge.The Pho24 logo reflects the number of different ingredients, 24, and the number of hours, 24, required to do each bowl of his signature beef-and-noodle soup. One day he also hopes all his shops will be open around the clock, that is, 24 hours a day.Trung was particularly sensitive to regional smell differences, something he believes big global fast-food chains wil l likely overlook when calculateing the market. To arrive at just the right blend of northern and southern taste preferences, Trung and family sought-after(a) a culinary middle ground, less salty than Hanois version of the field of study dish, and less sweet and fatty than Ho Chi Minh Citys usual fare.With Pho24s success, Trung is conducting taste tests for expanding into other traditional Vietnamese dishes, including spring rolls and bun cha, for which he already holds registered trademarks for possible chains of Springroll24 and BunCha24.Synonymous with Vietnamese culture, Pho (beef noodle soup) is the national food. For generations, Pho has been Vietnams usual street food where people squat on little stools and slurp a hearty bowl. This restaurant has set a new measuring of enjoying this dish by offering fancier setting with air condition and a more delicate tasting option. What also sets Pho 24 apart, is its ever expanding presence and branded appearance. Each of the restaur ants looks and operates the same stylish green walls, tasty photos, chic bench style wooden tables. If youre wondering how this place got its name it is because of the 24 tasty ingredients which make their pho consistently deliciousThe first PHO24 matter was opened in June 2003 on Nguyen Thiep Street, opposite to the prime landmark Saigon Sheraton Hotel. By June 2010, PHO24 has opened 77 vents in Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Noi, Da Nang, Vung Tau, Nha Trang, Binh Duong, Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila (Philippines), Seoul (Korea), Phnom Penh (Cambodia), Sydney (Australia) and Hong Kong. PHO24 plans to open more stores in all major cities of Vietnam as well as in overseas markets, where on that point are extensive Asian universes. The founders believe that PHO24s business belief is unique but easy to multiply due to its small space requirement, low investment, standardized operational procedures, and most importantly, the top quality of the food.Ideas and Business conceptPHO has been the most famous dish of Vietnam but it was further known as street food for many decades. Therefore, the founders of PHO24 saw this is an excellent opportunity to form a new business concept that meets the high standards but subdued preserving the traditional value. After nearly two old age of market research especially the customers taste PHO24 has invented a unique flavor for PHOs broth derived from 24 top-quality ingredients and spices. This unique taste has been warmly welcomed by not only the customers from HCM City but also Ha Noi, Da Nang, Binh Duong, Vung Tau, Nha Trang and other provinces.The overseas market however will be the largest one. By July 2009 we have stores in Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila (Philippines), Phnom Penh (Cambodia), Seoul (Korea) and Sydney (Australia). In this August, PHO24 opened the sixth tone ending in Jakarta Indonesia. Furthermore, In October 2009, PHO24 will be first innovate in Centre Business District in Hong Kong and the second outlet in S eoul, Korea will follow by. Japan and the United States are pass judgment to be next destinations of PHO24 in 2010.In 2004, 2005, 2006 2007, 2008, 2009 PHO24 has been consecutively the winner of The die Awards voted by readers of Vietnam Economics Times, Thoi Bao Kinh Te Viet Nam and Tu Van Tieu Dung magazine. In 2008 Pho24 was voted as an transnational Franchiser of the Year, accepted by FLA Singapore. In 2010, PHO24 is one of the top 10 Ho Chi Minh City One Hundred Excitements which voted by travelers. call into question QUESTIONSThe external challenges facing Pho24 in their decision to enter China marketQuestions will be focus on a series of food scandals that shocked consumers and reduced consumer confidence.Are there any safety vigilance mea undisputablements to be imposed on suppliers to ensure that contaminated products are transfer off from entering the write out chain?counterfeit and shoddy food products Is Pho 24 ready to inspect every supplier? Is there an open up system for evaluating food authenticities? get out the community set aside an annual calculate for quality control measurements?How do the company ensure that cadence and resources are not wasted when dealing with Chinese authorities? Will the company consider taking on local provides or consultants?What are the company stands GM food issues? Will in the company take into account GM food such as GM crops entering the supply chain? Will the consumers be informed?If the price of the non GM stinging material is more expensive than the GM raw material, how will you demand?The pinch of China market and expansion strategiesChina was formally coupled WTO since year 2001, as such a lot of foreign company begin to search for their possibility to build their market in China, the fiend food company like Mcdonald has established about 20 long time in China since their first store open in Shenzen year 1990. KFC already about 23 years in China since year 1987 first store open in Bei jing. As such, to ensure PHO24 enter the China market successfully and sustainable in China market, the understanding about the market and the marketing strategies become the most important fraction to be consider before the enter decision make.The China market was very competitive nowadays since they joined WTO in Dec 2001, from your preceding experience in expanding international business, may I know what is your understanding about China Market? Especially from the aspect of political try and legal, Consumer demand, financial environment, economy and culture.What is your gateway strategy to China market? Whether by Franchising, Joint Venture, Green Field or Licensing.The global brand Food Company like Mcdonald and KFC already about 20 years in China market. How was your company plan and strategies to compete with their branch and get the market share from them?What is your company plan to position yourself in China market and what kind of customer segment your company target ed?What are your international marketing program strategies? Standardization or adaption? The important elements to standardize of adapt are international pricing, global branding and product development, International Distribution and International Marketing Communication.What do you think will become the barriers for your company entry and the challenges the company will facing in China market?Company capability to start-up and support operation in ChinaHow untold the company is expected to invest in the China market to open the Pho24 restaurants?What is the budget the company is planning to allocate to the China market and how may breaker point count that they are willing to employ for the 24 hours business?How much allocation is needed for training and support for the staff is needed to rise the staff for their first year of the business operation?What are the gross revenue patterns for a typical day, week, and month in a restaurant chain in China?What are the total costs to set up a Pho24 in China as China has huge population?Other questionsHow do you select and manage the relationship with your Chinese partner?We realized that Chinese beef noodle soup has gained popularity in China. How sure you are that Vietnamese beef noodle can further fathom Chinese market?In your opinion, is it possible for a beef noodle concept to be as successful as traditional fast-food chains such as McDonald and KFC?What issues do you believe will be most important for your success in China for the next 10 years?

Effects of Redbull on Performance of Male Athletes

Effects of tearingbull on Performance of Male AthletesExecutive compendConsumption of supplements and pushing drinkables has become a norm among athletes now. However, there be distinguishable studies in support as sanitary as against the energy drink use for athletes, on whether it has a positive erect on the death penalty or not.The aim of this research was to investigate the crafty military forceuate of an energy drink ( tearing whoreson) on the cognitive process difference trains in manly athletes. Thirty virile person athletes were selected from different backgrounds to participate in this discover.. The subjects were randomly split into devil chemical groups root A ( investigateal) Group B (non-experimental). Measurements of their track quantify were interpreted and the average was calculated. In the second session, group A was precondition an use of 250 ml of bolshy Bull energy drink, while solely the members of group B were not given all energy drink. The experiment was carried pop out again. The differences surrounded by the teams as well as between the two sessions were taken into account.IntroductionAlthough in recent years, athletes start out amend their transaction levels, they shargonthe same quest with their historical counterparts success and victory at the OlympicGames. So every measure, very different methods were tried by athletes to achieve this aim.In this sort, usance of energy drinks by athletes has become increasingly touristed.Athletes believe that energy drinks can be use to enhance their surgical process duringtraining and competition due to their potenti wholey ergogenic ingredients such as carbohyd come outs, caffeine, sodium and taurine, among others.BackgroundEnergy drinks have become more and more popular since the late nineties. The manufactures claim that these drinks improve sensible endurance, reaction travel rapidly and concentration. The briny ingredients of energy drinks are caff eine, sugar, taurine and glucuronolactone. According to the manufacturers, the stimulating effects of these drinks are due to interaction between the various ingredients.Sport drink consumption is recommended for to the highest degree sports and not all of the sportbeverages are the same. They differ in type and concentration of carbohydrates, electrolytes, flavors and other constituents. Some simply replace carbohydrates and electrolytes others deliver the goods added protein, specific a secondo acids, and even fat, while still others provide herbs, vitamins, and caffeine. literary works ReviewEnergy or power drinks (e.g., Battery, B52, Dark Dog, Jess, Red Bat, Red Bull,Rhinos) are beverages designed and consumed for purposes other than for improvingacrobatic operation for instance, to turn off the depressant effects of alcohol on the central nervous system. On the other hand, sports and fluid-electrolyte replacement beverages (e.g., Gatorade, Powerade) are designed and consum ed to enhance athletic comeance or to reduce the deleterious effects of dehydration during athletic competitions (Carvajal- Sancho, Moncada- Jimnez, 2005).It should be noted that, although energy drinks have been sold worldwide for morethan a decade, unfortunately only a few studies have apparently been print to test the effectualness of these beverages on the physical or cognitive performance in athletes (Alford, Cox, Wescott, 2001 Baum Weib, 2001 Carvajal- Sancho Moncada-Jimnez, 2005). So far, no data is available in debate to the effectiveness these beverages on an aerobiotic power and the tally of declension lactate accumulation.Some scientific studies with similar topics will cited later on. Nevertheless, in closecases, their topics were not directly link to anaerobic power or delaying seam lactateaccumulation.Alford et al. (2001) investigating the effects of an energy drink (Red Bull) onpsychomotor, anaerobic and aerobic performance (anaerobic performance was measu redby a 20s hertz ergometer test), report that the Red Bull group improved aerobic andanaerobic performance by 9% and 24%, respectively. Similarly, Carvajal- Sancho Moncada- Jimnez (2005) studied the acute effect of an energy drink on physicalperformance (100 m bolt, hand dynamometer and standing long jump) and indicated no significant changes in physical and cognitive variables. In another research, the influenceof a multivitamin/mineral supplement on anaerobic exercise performance (a 30-second roll sprint test and one set of squat exercise) was studied by Fry et al. (2006) and a decreased rate of fatigue was noted for both exercise tests.In addition, Olson and Seifert (2004) carried out a study to determine if consumption of a carbohydrate-protein drink could improve skating performance. The results showed that, in the experimental group, speed performance improved by 8% and reaction m improved by 12%. Kipp et al.(2003) also investigated the influence of a carbohydrate/protein sports drink on soccer sprint performance ( tetrad speed trials with 5 min of rest in between). In the carb-protein group, speed was improved between the freshman and last sprints by 1.1 seconds, while the other group slowed down by 2.2 seconds.There are many types of energy drinks which can be purchased over the counter byeveryone and their producers have claimed a variety of benefits in their advertisements.In the case of an intensively working skeletal muscle, this means a delay in the fall inintramuscular pH to the critical level at which glycolysis is inhibited (Oopik et al., 2003MacDougall et al., 1991). On the other hand, with regard to controversial reports slightly the effects of alkalinizing agents in the case of acute administration (Stout Antonio, 2002 Aschenbach et al., 2000 Bishop et al., 2004 Marx et al., 2002 McNaughton et al., 1999 Ball and Maughan, 1997 Wilkes et al., 1983), it is undecipherable whether the consumption of energy drinks can have such effects.P ROBLEM masteryDoes the breathing in of Red Bull (energy drink) effect athletic performance of male athletes or not?Energy drinks are believed and marketed in a path to show that they enhance mental and athletic performance. Therefore, the concern of our research has been to point out out whether the ingredients of one of the most apply energy drink (Red Bull) effect the metabolism of human body in such a way that there in an append in the physical athletic performance or not. abstractive Frame WorkDependant varying athletic PerformanceIndependent variableRed BullIntervening VariableUneven tracks, diseases to the athletes.Uneven tracks can be a big part which can be discoverled by sustainmentfully selecting an even and smooth running track. While the intervening variable of diseases to the athletes can be taken care of in the athlete selection process. In the initial questionnaire results, the athletes with some flagitious health disorders can be filtered out.HypothesisTh e researcher intends to test the following hypothesis using their researchAlternative Hypothesis (HA)There is a relation between the intake of Red Bull with the athletic performance of male athletes.Null Hypothesis (Ho)There is no relation between the intake of Red Bull with the athletic performance of male athletes.The Theoretical FrameworkPerformance of Athletes/PlayersIntake of Red BullIndependent Variable Dependent VariableUneven trackDiseasesIntervening VariablesMethodologyThe make up of the research methodology is non-manipulative as in our research we have mesh on our independent variables and it is a field experiment.Participants In order to be eligible to participate in the study, subjects had tomeet the following inclusion criteria which were obtained by means of a questionnairea) to train/play for at least four-spot days per week (approximately 30 min in apiece session)b) not to be on medication or nutritional supplementation andc) not to consume energy drinks regular ly.Potential participants were excluded from the study if theya) presented psychiatric or neurologic diseasesb) were sensitive to any ingredient contained in the energy drinkc) were chthonian any nutritional supplementation regimen that included either caffeine, sugar, taurine and glucuronolactonee) had evident cardiac problems.Thirty regular male football players (age 24.341.74years, visor 183.267.66 cm, weight 81.376.85 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. The volunteers read and signed an informed take form with a medical history questionnaire in the beginning beginning the study.Then, the character of the study was explained to the subjects, and they were given an opportunity to ask questions about anything that was un absorb.APPARATUSWe used questionnaire as our research tool for the initial screening of athletes. While stethoscope and squanderer storm sphingo-meter apparatus were used to measure the measure and blood pressure respectively. A enlistment watch w as used to note down the sprint timings.PROCEDUREProcedure The aim of this research was to investigate the acute effects of an energy drink (Red Bull) on the performance difference levels in male athletes. Thirty regular male athletes (soccer players) (age 25.341.74years, height 182.267.66 cm, weight 78.376.85 kg and BF% 13.22.7%) were selected from different backgrounds to participate in this study. This research was conducted on two separate sessions with four days of rest in between.Two experimental conditions were tested a) control (no drink) b) energy drink. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups Group A (experimental) Group B (non-experimental). In the first session, both the groups were assigned to run on a 100m track without any liquid intake. Measurements of their running times were taken and the average was calculated. In the second session, group A was given an intake of 250 ml of Red Bull energy drink, while all the members of group B were not given any ener gy drink. The experiment was carried out again. The differences between the teams as well as between the two sessions were taken into account.One week before the data collection took place. The participants were instructed on how to perform the whole experiment and underwent a familiarization session. The subjects were instructed to ward off alcohol, nicotine and other stimulants and also avoid strenuous activities and sudden changes in food consumption (including any nutritional supplementation products) the day before the experiment. In addition, they were asked to maintain regular physical activities during the days prior to the experiment, as recommended by Carvajal-Sancho and Moncada-Jimnez (2005). Moreover, they were asked to wear comfortable, loose-fitting raiment and get an adequate totality of sleep (6 to 8 hours) the night before the test (Byars et al., 2006). The clothing, shoes, as well as all equipment used, were consistent for each subject and were recorded to estab lish controlled experimental conditions.APPARATUS VALIDITYApparatuses used in our study were stethoscope, blood pressure apparatus (sphino-meter), stop-watch, pen and paper. The heartbeat rate (bpm) was measured with the help of stethoscope, blood pressure with the help of blood pressure apparatus and the running time were measured by the stop watch.The apparatus was duly checked by the hospital authorities and sustain to be in valid functional conditions.RESULTSThe results show that the group A, afterwards the intake of Red Bull energy drink did show an nearly negligible good performance, thus not supporting the hypothesis.The experiments, apart from large(p) out the main results also gave some very interesting facts. For pillowcase Group A (experimental) showed increase in the time to exhaustion, which is ultimately related to the ingredients of Red Bull.Hence, we will select,HA(alternative) There is a relation between the intake of Red Bull with the athletic performance of m ale athletes.As it is clear to see the difference through the results. This proves that after the intake of Red Bull, the athletic performance increases.DiscussionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Red Bull energy drink on the performance of male athletes. Results of this study indicated that inlet of Red Bull prior to exercise testing is effective on the athletes performance.In the present study it was observed that Red Bull energy drink caused an 11.78% decrease in the blood pressure and a 15.86% increase in the heartbeat rate (bpm).The 100m sprint performance time in the group A(experimental group) showed improvement, even after repetitive attempts.Potentially, caffeine could have a number of actions that affect skeletal and heartmuscle. It can increase sympathetic activity, and has direct intracellular action. The increase in heartbeat rate (bpm) may be attributed to ingredients such as caffeine,taurine, glucuronolacton. Caffeine has been shown to hav e suited effects for playactingathletes fighting fatigue and increasing energy. The stimulant effect of caffeine could make it effective for increasing alertness while performing in a fatigued state. Taurine is also famous to instigate in the contractile function of skeletal muscle and for providing increased exponent of the muscle to contract, amplifying muscle force generation. In this study it was found that Red Bull energy drink caused up to 10.5% increase in time to exhaustion. However the previous researches and the current results, both support the fact that the ingestion of Red Bull energy drink does not have a significant enough impact on the performance of athletes, that it be strongly recommended to athletes for increased and better performance. No reports were identified of negative effects associated with the amount of taurine found in most energy drinks. Commonly reported adverse effects seen with caffeine in the quantities present in most energy drinks are insomn ia, nervousness, headache, and tachycardia. Four documented case reports of caffeine-associated deaths were found, as well as four separate cases of seizures associated with the consumption of energy drinks.AcknowledgementsFirst of all thanks to Allah Almighty who blessed me the strength and devotion to complete this research. I would thank my college fellow Adil Khan, who has helped me in the selection of the male athlete subjects. I would also like to thank Haider Behzad who helped me immensely with the research work. Moreover, I am also very thankful to all the people, who were part of the research and gave me their cherished time. Without their help, it wouldnt have been possible to complete this research project.AND LAST BUT or so IMPORTANTLY, I would like to thank my instructor, my mentor for the course, Mr. Humair Hashmi for pushing me forward, motivating me with his masterly tactics and enabling me to carry out the research in a professional manner.AppendixThe sample of t he questionnaire is belowINSTRUCTIONSKINDLY swear out ALL QUESTIONSMARK ONLY ONE OPTION IN THE instalment OF ANSWERSNAME______________ AGE_____________Q1 How many days do you exercise in a week?4days5days6daysQ2 Do you use any descriptor of drugs?YesNoQ3 Your preference towards exercise/workout?GymSwimmingSoccer runQ4 Do you carry any breathing disease or any major disease?YesNoQ5 Do you use any kind of supplements?YesNo

Polarisation of Light Investigation

Polarisation of Light InvestigationValentin HaemmerliAbstract. An ocular system consisting of a laser, a polariser, a quarter- curve family, a optical prism, and a light detector affiliated to a multi-meter was used to find the infection axes of the polariser and the quarter-wave scale leaf, find the travel of polarization of the laser relative to the optical axis and investigate the quality of the polariser and quarter-wave racing shell by comparing the hypothetic and experimental values of tier of polarization for linear, orbitual and elliptic polarizations. These were found to be 0.980.03 female genitalsvasd to 1 for linear, 0.180.03 comp ared to 0 for poster and 0.590.03 compared to 0.65 for a particular ellipse.IntroductionPolarisation of electromagnetic radiation is a fundamental phenomenon arising directly from the wave properties of light. Polarisation of light in the opthalmic spectrum has many commercial applications such as stress analysis of birefringent materials1, 2, sugar content analysis in the brewing industry and in food chemistry1, liquid crystal displays 2 and in sunglasses. In addition to these applications, polarisation of light has a number of important scientific uses, including determining the refractive indices, absorption constants and reflecting power of highly absorbing materials 1.There are iii antithetical cases for polarised light linear, bank none and elliptical. The aim of this investigation was to calibrate the optical system and subsequently use it to analyse transmittal intensities for distributively of these types, and compare the respective marks of polarisation to theoretical values.TheoryPolarisation TypesElectromagnetic waves stool electric and magnetic sphere of influence elements propagating as sinusoidal waves where the directions of the electric theme sender is perpendicular to two the direction of the magnetic field sender and to the direction of propagation at all times. Due to this constant copulation surrounded by electric and magnetic field transmitters, we can describe polarisation in terms of electric field only for simplicity.Linear polarisation is the case where the x and y components of electric field for a wave traveling in the z-direction are varying in stagecoach with each other, so they are twain at their maxima at the homogeneous time, and both at their minima at the same time, and the electric component of the wave is ceaselessly in the same plane. This is shown in aim 1a).Circular polarisation, shown in embodiment 1b), occurs when the x and y components of the electric field vector have the same amplitudes and have a phase remainder of /2, or /2 gain an integer multiple of . The end point of the resulting electric field vector traces out a circle in the x-y plane, which translates to a helix one time time is taken into account.Elliptical polarisation, of which circular polarisation is merely the spare case when the amplitudes are equ al and the phase difference is where . Elliptical polarisation is whence any case for which the end point of the electric field vector traces out an ellipse in the x-y plane. This is shown in fancy 1c).Brewsters LawBrewsters Law states that for a communicate ensuant on a flat horizontal glass sur formulation of a prism at the Brewster shift, sendn by,(1)where is the refractive index of the prism, only the component of the beam with polarisation parallel to the incident plane is reflected. This fact can be used to determine the polarisation of the incident beam afterward it has passed through with(predicate) the analyzer. By rotating the analyzer until there is no reflected component the beam is polarised vertically and hence has not component in the horizontal direction.Quarter-wave coatA quarter-wave plate is an optical device which is made of two materials with different refractive indices which has the effect of introducing a phase difference of /2 surrounded by th e perpendicular x and y component of the electric field vector for light of a particular wavelength. The quarter-wave plate has two perpendicular transmission axes. A quarter-wave plate can therefore be used to stir the polarisation of the incident light from linear to elliptical and in the artless case of the ellipse, circular.Degree of polarisationThe equation used to find the degree of linear polarisation of light for transmitted intensities measured for tips of analyzer is,(2)where I is specialty.Experimental Method We first found the transmission axis of the Polaroid analyzer using Brewsters Law of horizontal polarisation using the rear up in ascertain 2.We started at an approximate value of Brewsters Angle using n=1.6 for the refractive index of the prism. We set the incident angle to this, and then rotated the analyser until no light was reflected from the face of the prism, but light was still transmitted through the analyser. By supple commutes of the incident ang le on the face of the prism and the angle of the analyser to minimise the transmission, we found the transmission axis of the Polaroid analyser. We found the degree of polarisation of linearly polarised light using the set up in Figure 3, by rotating the analyser through 360 and noting the transmitted intensity detected by the light detector and multi-meter in volts. Plotting the intensity as a fail of angle and comparing it to a theoretical game of transmission from genus Malus Law, we also found the angle at which the laser beam was polarised. using the set up shown in Figure 4 we found the transmission axes of the quarter-wave plate. With the analyser set to an angle perpendicular to the angle of polarisation of the laser beam (i.e. a minimum intensity), transmitted intensity was measured for angles surrounded by 0 and 360 of the quarter-wave plate. The minima of this dependance correspond to the transmission angles of the quarter-wave plate.Once the transmission axes were f ound, the quarter-wave plate was set to an angle of one of the transmission axes cocksure 45 to give circularly polarised light. The intensity was measured as a function of the angle of the analyser. This was used to find the degree of polarisation of circularly polarised light by rotating the analyser through angles from 0 to 360.Finally we tested for a theoretical value of elliptical degree of polarisation of 0.65 by turning the quarter-wave plate 22.7 past one of the transmission axes and once again rotating the analyser through 360 and measuring intensities to give an experimental degree of polarisation.The error in the analyser angle and quarter-wave plate angle was dogged by observing the affirm of angles over which the intensity did not change. This was 2 in both cases, and when both the analyser and quarter-wave plate were on the optical bench this gave a have error of 4. The ambient light reading was taken to take place a systematic error in intensity readings. This wa s found to be 0.00 V.Experimental ResultsThe degree of polarisation of the analyser is 0.980.03 from the maximum and minimum intensities in Figure 5 and equation (2). The error comes from the uncertainty in the touchstone of the intensity. The angle of polarisation of laser beam is 102. This was determined from the angle difference between the experimental data and the theoretical plot of Malus law. The error is given by the error in analyser angle.The transmission axis of the analyser runs from 170 to 350 2, this is given by the maxima of the experimental data in Figure 5.The transmission axes of the quarter-wave plate are 204 to 2004 and 1104 to 2904 from the minima in Figure 6, corrected for the angle of polarisation of the laser beam.The degree of polarisation of circularly polarised light is 0.180.03 from the maximum and minimum intensities in Figure 7. Theoretically the quarter-wave plate should be at one of its transmission axes plus 232 for a degree of polarisation of 0.65. At this angle the experimental degree of polarisation was 0.590.03 from the maximum and minimum intensities in Figure 8.DiscussionThe error in the sensitivity of the polariser and quarter-wave plate are some(prenominal) greater than the accuracy of the scales on the polariser and quarter-wave plate. The errors are found to be 2 for each, slice the accuracy of the scale is 0.5. This is farther too small because intensity did not change over such a small change in angle.One possible reason for such a prominent difference between theory and experimental values for degree of polarisation for the case of elliptical polarisation, 9.2%, is that the quarter-wave plate was knowing to give a phase difference of /2 for a specific wavelength of light due to the dependence of refractive index on wavelength. The wavelength of our laser was not the same as this design. The difference could be reduced by using a more than suitable laser or quarter-wave plate.The theoretical degree of polaris ation for circular polarisation settings of the quarter-wave plate and analsyer is 0, compared to the 0.180.03 found experimentally. Similarly, the analyser was not desirel, imperfectly auction block components perpendicular to the transmission axis. The theoretical degree of polarisation for the analyser is 1, while experimentally we found it to be 0.980.03. The contribution to the error from the quarter-wave plate is therefore larger than that from the analsyer.There are two possible reasons for imperfect circular polarisation. The first of these is that the quarter-wave plate was set to the wrong angle, not at 45 to a transmission axis. This would lead to an error in the degree of polarisation of approximately twice the error in the angle, or approximately 4. This is far too large for our degree of polarisation and therefore unlikely, since the difference between theory and experiment is only 0.18. The other reason is that the quarter-wave plate did not shift the phase of one c omponent of polarisation by /2. thence the difference is approximately the difference between the theoretical phase difference and the actual phase difference. This is the more likely case, as discussed above, the quarter-wave plate is designed for a specific wavelength of light.ConclusionsWe investigated three types of polarisation of light using an analyser and a quarter-wave plate. We found degrees of polarisation for each type, and compared them to their theoretical values. This gave us an idea about the quality and suitability of the analyser and quarter-wave plate for our laser, with the quarter-wave plate contribute the largest amount to the difference between the theoretical and experimental polarisations. In the movement of finding these values we also determined the transmission axes of the analyser and the of the quarter-wave plate. addendumDerivation of the angel of the quarter-wave plate for degree of polarisation 0.65From equation (2) , (3), (4)From (3) and (4),, ( 5)where is the angle offset from the transmission axes of the quarter-wave plate and is the component of the electric field vector.This gives us, from equations (1) and (5),. (6)References1C. A. Skinner, The polariscope and its practical applications, Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 196, pp. 721-750, 1923.2P. A. Tipler and G. Mosca, Physics for scientists and engineers with modern physics, 2008.1

The Importance Of The Holy Spirit Theology Religion Essay

The Importance Of The set apart sum Theology Religion EssayThe third Personality of the churchman is referred to as the beatified heart. Accordingly, in that location is no particularised name that is depute to the divine design regarding Biblical knowledge, entirely the sanctum Spirit is internal to the paragon the Father and the Son hence, in unison with Blessed trinity.Indeed, there atomic number 18 diverse referrals and works that the dedicated Spirit is recognized at specific each(prenominal)usions in the Bible. These comprise the set apart Ghost, Sprit of Truth, The Spirit of The LORD, The Spirit of Christ, The comforter and m all more that sustains the indivisibility of the Holy Trinity. This paper lead critically study the works and import of the Holy Spirit in relation to man. undivided relations to the Holy SpiritThere is need for every case-by-case Christian to understand the importance of the Holy Spirit in our chance(a) lives. Many Christians vie w the Holy Spirits existence and works as just an occurrence that was left to the past and whitethorn not be present in contemporary world. Conversely, in the book of Acts, it is evidently presented that the Holy Spirit was initially granted to the disciples, later transferred to the early Jewish believers and finally to the Gentiles. It is in faith that all those who believe posses the Holy Spirit that trail in them. But not all those who believe grant the Spirit to shape their lives. Indeed, we argon powered to be alter with the Spirit but this depends on how peerless live within Gods proper directions. Paul gives a precise case where a believer should not be inebriated with alcohol. A sense of wide peace is attained when unmatched is filled with Holy Spirit and since the Holy Spirit is so imperative, we are sensible to not quench or grieve the Holy Spirit (1 Thessalonians 519 Ephesians 430). For instance, when we intentionally sin, we cease walking with the Spirit and at the same time our conscience affirms that we mislay the tranquility of moving with the Spirit. A case in focalize when losing peace is derived from David where he realized pass of peace in him. David sinned by committing infidelity with Bathsheba. He sensed and beseeched God to help him by not withdrawing the Holy Spirit away from him.Actually, confessions affirm that if we have identified our sins and agreed to repent this puts us back on track with the Holy Spirit through fellowship (Iverson 4). Sin of any kind will diminish joy of the Holy Spirit and consequently, one will be enslaved to the sin. Being involved in spiritual endeavors desire giving thanks to God, reciting Psalms, singing spiritual songs and hymns will enable one to be filled with the Spirit. Therefore, being filled entails setting our mentality on divine possessions (Deem Rich 1).The Importance of the Holy SpiritUpon His daily teachings, rescuer at one time pointed out the utmost importance of the Holy Spirit. He said blasphemy against Him (Jesus) shall be forgiven but blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, will never be absolved at present and in days to come (Matthew 123). The connotation of blasphemy could be utter ill of something or personality that is far beyond your powersIndeed, this has chilling molybdenums to all believers and maybe few Christians who are talented could get the meaning and outstanding importance of this fact. Accordingly, the Holy Spirit empowers Christians to carry out faithful acts that are far beyond any physical abilities. One may conjecture that after all the guidance and help the Holy Spirit gives individuals, you crimp against it and speak regretfully of the Spirit. Among the splendors of the Christian faith, is the prominence that the Bible puts on the fulfilment of Gods exoneration. This is obvious to every man, but the forgiveness of God has a perimeter. And this truly is the blasphemy against the Holy Spirit (Cheng 1).Empowerment of the Holy Spir it all(prenominal) teaching of Christ points great empowerments of the Holy Spirit to each Christian. The headmaster said that The gift of the Holy Spirit shall follow the believers wherever they go. The significance of this directive points out the spiritual combat between Gods people and the Satan. The moment one becomes a Christian, the warfare begins with the satanic forces. Since Satan is the master of destruction, devastation sickness, deceit and tribulations, only the Blood of Christ triumphs upon these. The Empowerment of the Holy Spirit in unison with the Blood of Christ, makes every Christian feel defend and keeps the enemy at bay all the times so commodious as ones lives according to the Gods morals (Iverson 18). Conversely, a lot has not been inherent in regards to the gifts of the Holy Spirit. In Mark 16, 16-20, it is clear that whoever is baptized is thus saved and shall not receive condemnation. They shall not be hurt by deadly poisons they shall touch the sick and will get wellspring. Among these confirmations, God is proving to be present with every individual believer in the existence of the Holy Spirit.The power of the Holy Spirit is not a reserve for specific Christians be it preachers, Church ministers, Evangelists, but it is for every believer that freely capitulates every minute in compliance and conformity to the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit has different gift to diverse individuals that may comprise, wisdom gift, Knowledge, prophecy, tongues among others (Iverson 79). By fruits of the Holy Spirit and Gods power, we are facilitated to demonstrate love, joy peace, kindness, self-control among others that are associated with the duty of the Holy Spirit (Flanders Fred1).ConclusionThe Holy Spirit as the ordinary teacher guides every Christian in their daily lives. Through baptism Christians are redeemed by the power of the Spirit. This is the Wisdom supplier that warns of every bad path that one may get into. The Holy Spirit is th e great protector from wickedness and the true partner that Jesus ever promised to believers. Indeed, the Holy Spirit is the omnipotent personality that lives within Christian believers and the factual director, provider that was promised to disciples and everyone else that believes. The Holy Spirit is ever present and every Christian should heart the existence. There are moral values that a believer mustiness possess and practice in daily life to sequentially have by the norms of the Holy Spirit. Negative conducts that may not go well with the Holy Spirit are discouraged, since according to the scriptures our bodies act as the temple of Christ and at all times should be in sanctity.Gods lenity is perpetually great. Accordingly, God never acquires any delight in the transfer of the sinful. He favors sympathy to judgment, but when an individual hardens his heart continually against His will disregarding the influence of his conscience, this person will attain a point of no comi ng back. And in regards to that, permanent spiritual desertion may occur, hence proclaiming Gods abandonment.

Jim Morrison Essay -- Religion, Culture, Elvis

I preface this paper by a consideration of why Jim Morrison can be discussed within the confabulation of ghostlike studies. I suggest four possibilities. The first is the place of pietism in of late modernity that is, as individualized, subjectivated and deinstitutionalized. These factors contribute to the circumstances chthonic which Morrison may be understood in apparitional terms because of the conditions they create. morality may be deinstitutionalized (Luckmann 1967 Bibby 1990), but volume are still phantasmal (Chaves 1994). This enables religion to exist in other right smarts hotshot way is through wild celebrity. In an article entitled Is Elvis a God? Cult, Culture, Questions of Method, John Frow (1998, 208-209), after discussing the apparent failure of the secularization thesis,1 remarks, . . . religious sentiment . . . has migrated into many strange and unexpected places, from New Age trinketry to manga movies to the religious cult of the famous dead . . . we n eed to take religion seriously in all its dimensions because of its centrality in the modern world. Further, religion as individualized and subjectivated (Hervieu-Lger 2000) allows people to create their own systems of meaning and transcendence. Dead celebrity, using Morrison as an exemplar, is one system.The second possibility follows from the first. Regarding the changing nature of religion in the 1960s, religious studies scholar, Gail Hamner (2003, 447), wrote that popular culture became subject to deification or at least spiritualization. Although this paper does not intend to provide an account of the process by which some celebrities were sacralized in the twentieth century, it should be noted that literature on the subject does exist. A seminal work, in this regard, is The Work o... ... supplemented by germane(predicate) scholarly literature and popular biographies of Morrison. It is with these four possibilities, religion in late modernity, scholarship on religion and cele brity, the way we think of, and define religion, and Riddell (2008), that I consider Jim Morrison and religion.There is a paucity of academic literature on Jim Morrison, yet a reasonable amount of popular literature, which I am engaging in my evaluation. Scholarship on dead celebrity fandom has progressed in the last decade however, in 1998, John Frow (1998, 200) claimed that we lack almost all in all the tools to make sense of the process by which dead celebrities are sacralized. My wish is that by outlining the role of Morrison in self-propagating his own myth, combined with a late documentation of this process, I will contribute to literature on dead celebrity fandom.

Shadowlands: Why Does God Allow Pain and Suffering?‎ Essay -- God, Tra

If God loves us, why does He leave us to sire? The central question in Shadowlands challenges traditional spectral and moral conventions. It is a question asked by many, with few satisfactory answers. onward attempting to answer the question, and research its relationship to Shadowlands, let us first posit the question, so its implications may be more make itly understood. At the centerfield of the question is a doubt in the goodness of God, If God loves us. From the beginning it is clear that God is being judged and criticized by the question. Then the second base phrase follows wherefore does He allow us to suffer?. The presumptuousness made in the second phrase is that God has enough authorisation over the gentleman to prevent suffering. If He can prevent suffering, and He really loves us, and then why shouldn t He excercise that control, and prevent complimentary suffering? not preventing suffering is the same as actively inflicting it. gentleman generally delibe rate that if they love another person, they should prevent their loved ones from suffering. wherefore shouldnt God be the same? If a human causes suffering for an... Shadowlands Why Does God allow Pain and Suffering? Essay -- God, TraIf God loves us, why does He allow us to suffer? The central question in Shadowlands challenges traditional religious and moral conventions. It is a question asked by many, with few satisfactory answers. Before attempting to answer the question, and explore its relationship to Shadowlands, let us first define the question, so its implications may be more clearly understood. At the heart of the question is a doubt in the goodness of God, If God loves us. From the beginning it is clear that God is being judged and criticized by the question. Then the second phrase followsWhy does He allow us to suffer?. The assumption made in the second phrase is that God has enough control over the world to prevent suffering. If He can prevent suffering , and He really loves us, then why shouldn t He excercise that control, and prevent needless suffering? Not preventing suffering is the same as actively inflicting it. Humans generally believe that if they love another person, they should prevent their loved ones from suffering. Why shouldnt God be the same? If a human causes suffering for an...

Pollen Analysis :: essays research papers

The carcass of ancient plants can provide a wealth of archaeological development about a site, with many methods being available to the archaeologist sedulous in extracting this data. Perhaps hotshot of the most widely-known of these techniques, possibly because of its attractive personality, is pollen abridgment - a technique developed in the early years of the 20th century by, like so many archaeological techniques, a geologist -- the Norse Lennart van Post. To understand the technique and the uses to which it may be put, we mustiness archetypical examine the biological nature of the material itself.Because of a hard outer(prenominal) crush - the exine - pollen is particularly resistant to chemical attack and will break through in most conditions the only environments which are truly hostile to this shell are abrasion, much(prenominal) as may be the case on sandy sites, and oxidation. However, the most favourable conditions for preservation of the pollen record are a cidic, anaerobiotic sites such as peat bogs. This high degree of survivability combines with another divisor inwrought in the nature of pollen - the large amount produced - to make pollen analysis one of the most important tools available to the archaeologist. Though one further factor in the make-up of pollen enhances its value, namely the wide morphological variation amongst pollen from different plant species, most of which can be detected and classified utilise normal laboratory equipment.Pollen analysis is a technique which demands a high level of skill on the part of the excavator, scientist and interpreter to modify it to fulfil its potential. Collection of pollen samples can prove troublesome, the risk of cross-contamination is significant and efforts must be made to minimize the effect of any excavational bias. The number and balance of pollen grains present in a sample can also be skewed by factors such as the orientation of the site and the nature of the pollen gr ains themselves, for example, trees such as pine produce much greater quantities of pollen than species such as oak and thus have a tendency to overrepresent themselves in the pollen record.Once collected the pollen is extracted from the soil, usually in the laboratory to avoid contamination, and analysed using a light, or scanning electron microscope (SEM). The wide differentiation in the size, shape and colour of the pollen grains enables identification to be made down to genera level. pastime identification, the individual exines in a sub-set of the sample are quantified and plotted on a pollen analysis diagram, usually as a percentage of the whole.

Ressentiment and Rationality :: Philosophy Philosophical papers

Ressentiment and RationalityABSTRACT This authorship is an investigation of the condition of ressentiment. It reviews the two most prominent philosophic accounts of ressentiment Nietzsches genealogy of ressentiment as the moral perversion resulting from the antediluvian Roman/Palestinian ethnical conflict and giving birth to the ascetic ideal and Schelers phenomenology of ressentiment as a complex affective unit generative of its own affects and values. A maven sketch of the typical cistrons of ressentiment is drawn from the review of these two accounts. One element in particular, the exigency of rationality, is highlighted. The rationality of ressentiment is found to be essential to the phenomenon as a whole and to its constitutive parts. Curiously, while their accounts imply and suggest the part of rationality, neither Nietzsche or Scheler make the centrality of rationality to ressentiment implicit.Ressentiment is a state of reduce feeling and desire which becomes generative of values. The condition of ressentiment is complex both in its internal structure and in its relations to various dimensions of human existence. magic spell it infects the heart of the individual, it is rooted in our relatedness with others. On the one hand, ressentiment is a dark, person-to-person secret, which most of us would never reveal to others even if we could acknowledge it ourselves. On the other hand, ressentiment has an undeniably public face. It can be creative of affectionate practices, mores, and fashions of scholarly attitudes, academic policies, educational initiatives of political ideologies, institutions, and revolutions of forms of religiosity and ascetic practices.The construct of ressentiment was first developed systematically by Nietzsche in his account of the historic emergence of what he terms slave morality and in his critique of the ascetic ideal. piece of music references to this condition can be found throughout his works, the chief sections in whic h he develops this notion are in his early work The family tree of Morals. Max Scheler provides an eidetic account of this complex affective phenomenon in his rule book entitled Ressentiment. The picture of ressentiment that emerges from these two thinkers is in part a race of their methodological approaches and their abiding philosophic interests. Nietzsches historical approach to the development and the putrefaction of morality is empiricist and deterministic, but it does not have the marks of the narrow favourableness that emerged later. His historical method is informed by his philological training in ancient Hellenic texts and by Enlightenment ideals. So, although Nietzsche writes of cultural conflicts in the ancient world as historical fact, he actually uses them as models with world-wide anthropological significance.

How the Role of Women in Haudenosaunee Culture Inspired the Early Feminist Movement :: Essays Papers

How the Role of Women in Haudenosaunee Culture Inspired the Early womens rightist MovementThe United States has had a long family with the Haudenosaunee people. When Europeans invaded North America, start in the end of the 15th century, they found a land already inhabited by a large group of people, who they called Indians. Although their subsequent relationship was plagued by disease, wars and fights for domination, there was, inevitably, some exchange of goods, like crops, and ideas between the ii peoples. Most nonably, even the Founding Fathers of the U.S. were influenced by the Haudenosaunee Confederacys ideas or so democracy and government. One aspect of the relationship, however, is rarely mentioned the impact that Haudenosaunee women had on first womens rightists in the U.S. The two groups of women interacted very closely during the 19th century, and prominent feminist voices in the U.S., like Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Matilda Joslyn Gage, and Lucretia Mott, were heavily influenced by the native womens numerous freedoms. The contrast between the two groups of women was tremendous. Haudenosaunee women held prominent, decision-making positions in their matriarchal political system. They had the post to choose their clans chief, and their authority as clan mothers was prize by Haudenosaunee law. Spiritually, these women were viewed as being connected to Mother Earth and were trustworthy for leading various religious ceremonies, alongside of men. Haudenosaunee women in like manner shared unsophisticated work with men, dealing with the work load on a communal basis. Not only did they have control of their own property, but women also had authority over their own bodies, including the responsibility of childbearing. This authority was developed in the Haudenosaunee matriarchal system of family in which children were considered members of the mothers clan and husbands were brought into the married womans longhouse upon marriage. Women had final dome stic control violence against women and children was not tolerated because wives had the originator to kick their husbands out, ordering them to pick up their blanket and budge (Wagner, p. 47). On the other hand, women in the U.S., the land of the free, experienced a severe bound of rights in comparison. Unlike the Haudenosaunee, white women were considered altogether subordinate to men, and had to rely completely on their husbands for economic support and political influence. Not only were these women not in positions of political power, but they could not vote, control their own property, perplex decisions about their own body, or claim their own children.

Essay --

According to Partnership for a Healthier American, the unite States spends $150 billion dollars annually to treat people with rotund tie in conditions while nestlinghood healthc atomic number 18 costs are inflating this criterion staggeringly (Facts About Childhood Obesity). In the past 30 to 40 years, the luck of obese children and adults has nearly doubled and tripled respectively. If the federal government mandated schools to establish and support programs centered on well-informed living, the overall percentage of obese children and adults would flow vastly. These programs would have to involve every aspect of a healthy life style to in turn have a decrease in obese children and adults. To achieve this goal, schools would have to implement and study a certain amount of visible activity in and out of school, offer better nutrient options along with educating children on how to eat healthier and why it is so important, and would in addition need to have the childrens parents become active in the process. If these ternary key ideas are attained the overall number of obese children and adults would exit a large reduction. The increase in childhood obesity is partially attributable to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition (Galson). It has been arrange that television, computer and video game use replace vigorous sensible activity in children. If schools were to intervene by implementing physical activities not retributory in school, this issue could be resolved. For this to be possible, schools would first need to hardened up a system where physical activities are present in educational and entertaining activities. One educational activity that could implement physical movement would be the game SPARKLE if a student incorrectly spells out a word, i... ...h the sole efforts at the school or some other organization it requires a multifaceted community wide effort, but schools are in a unique position to play in promoting h ealthy lifestyles and helping to pr nonethelesst obesity (School-based Approaches for Preventing and Treating Obesity).Providing healthier food options, educating children and parents on how to stretch out a healthier lifestyle, and implementing activities that are more physically rigorous, will stomach an effective method to curb childhood and adolescent obesity. If schools implement programs that require students to take part in more physically demanding activities and offer healthier food options, the goal will be achievable and attainable. For a child to lose weight, he or she must eat healthier and do a large quantity of physical activity. And with school intervention, this goal is even more obtainable.

How Jack Bellews Speech Affects the Plot of Nella Larsens Passing

The term passing is shorthand for a racial passing which actor people of one race passing for another. Nella Larsens Passing is the news report close to two light-skinned women, who both have African blood. Clare Kendry is one of them who chooses and succeeds at passing and Irene Redfield is one who doesnt. They drive into each other twelve eld later in a restaurant and Clare invites Irene to the tea troupe. The tea party which appears in the beginning of the story plays an important role throughout of the story because laborer Bellew enters the story at that moment. Jack is the fresh man who has a strong revulsion to African-Americans. He marries Clare, without knowing her secret ancestry. Jacks statements at the tea party lead the main characters transformation throughout the story and variant the ending as well. Jacks disgust in colored people and argument of his hate toward Negroes impact Clare Kendry, his wife, to re-estimate her value of life. When Clare and Irene ru n into each other at the restaurant, Clare is confident of her passing and is even sorry to those who didnt do the same thing. Passing to the white society is even worth the price to Clare (160). She believes that wealth is everybodys final entrust and by passing she achieves that in a frightfully easy trend (158). However she doubts her confidence on her passed life since the tea party in her house. At the tea party, Jack says words which humiliates African-Americans and depicts how he hates Negroes (171-172). Against his statements, Irene exposes that Jack is skirt by three calamitous devils (172). It is significant that Irene includes Clare as one of the black devils. This implies that Irene classifies Clare as a part of the black community even... ...at Jack didnt show up frequently during the story but his words which had spoken at the tea party remain and continuously affect Irene and Clare. After the tea party Clare finds her happiness is no longer coming from being an focal ratio class and having wealth but she confirms that she belongs to the black society and is happy to ruffle with them. Also Irene who always concerning safety and put it up as the near important thing in her life turns out to thinking about others beside security those are considering herself and relationship with husband . Clares death, the ending of the story, was already foreseen at the tea party by Jack and followed by his words. Without doubt Jack Bellew was the character who opens up the story and also, finishes up the story. Work citedNella, Larsen. Quicksand and Passing. raw Brunswick, New Jersey Rutgers University press, 2002

The Internets Impact on Traditional Genres of Art :: Technology Computers Essays

The Internets Impact on Traditional Genres of ArtData technology and data processors are without a mistrust already playing a major role in in truth legion(predicate) peoples lives and ordain probably do so far into the future. either single day the little power-up sequence of turning a computing device on happens millions of times all over the world, and is commonly to a greater extent(prenominal) and much often followed by making the computer go online via the Internet and the ball Wide network. In a few years men will be able to communicate more effectively through a machine than face to face. (Mayer 1999, p14). This dramatic statement is from an trickicle written by two computer visionaries Licklider and Robert Taylor as far back as in 1968. They realized in the 1960s that people werent satisfied with exactly interacting with their computers. They wanted to use their computers to interact with other people. The rise of the personal computer by Apple and IBM introduced the rest of the world to computing. In the 1980s PCs became a common fixture in homes and offices, and the Internet and the World Wide Web started to kick of. People were using their computers as Licklider and Taylor had prophesized, as a spiritualist to interact with other people. Today computers are - next to teleph iodines and face-to-face conversations - without a doubt the most used medium for communication in modify countries. People send enormous amounts of emails every day, videoconferencing is getting more and more common and online chatting rooms and discussion forums are becoming increasingly more popular. Actually, according to www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm the amount of internet users worldwide 1st of September 2004, was as many as 800,040,498, as opposed to only 360,971,012 in 2000. A growth of no less than 121.6 %. So how is this impacting on traditional genres of art?As mentioned above the Internet is a very fast evolution medium, also for interaction betwee n people. This relatively new medium has not only created a lot of new types of occupations and businesses, it has also in many ways altered a number of the existing ones. This also applies inside the field of art. As art has traditionally been thought of as something one can touch or view up close, like a painting or a sculpture, some find it hard to wear digital art to be a proper form of art. entirely as Shawn Olson a former photojournalist and now the author of Artistic cyberspace creative arts on the web - states Ive heard people register that technology lessens the value of art.

Richard daley Essays -- essays research papers

Richard Joseph Daley, the grandson of Irish immigrants, was born in the Bridgeport area of Chicago on may 15, 1902. He was graduated from De La Salle Institute in 1918 and worked in the stockyards for several(prenominal) years out front studying law. While studying, he worked as a clerk in the constitute County Controllers office. In 1936 Daley married Eleanor Guilfoyle, and the couple had threesome daughters and four sons. One son, Richard M. Daley, served in the Illinois Senate and as Cook County assures attorney before being elected city manager of Chicago in 1989. Daley held several elected posts before becoming mayor. He was state representative from 1936 to 1938, state senator from 1939 to 1946, county alternate controller from 1946 to 1949, and county clerk from 1950 to 1955. He also served as state tax revenue director, an appointed position, under Governor Adlai Stevenson. In these positions, Daley gained a keen discretion of government and a mastery of budgets and revenue sources. Cook County antiauthoritarian political party chairman Richard J. Daley, 53, wins the Chicago mayoralty race and begins a 21-year career as mayor of the second largest U.S. city. Daley, the archetypal city "boss," served as mayor from 1955 to 1976. He was unmatchable of the last big city bosses. As a Democrat, Daley wielded a bully deal of power in this largely Democratic city. He headed a powerful political machine that effectively dominated much of Chicago. He governed by the spoils system, and he delivered many local votes for Democratic presidential candidates. His embody was often sought by state and national leaders. Daley gained national fame in 1968 when Chicago police brutally subdued demonstrators at the Democratic National Convention. Daley was an important figure in the national Democratic Party. As the mayor of Chicago until his death in 1976 and as chairman of Chicagos Cook County Democratic Central Committee from 1953 to 1976, Richard J oseph Daley was one of the most powerful politicians in the United States. He easily won reelection to office in cinque successive campaigns from 1959 to 1975, and during his mayoralty Chicago was the scene of an unprecedented building boom, improvement in city services, and urban renewal programs. Daley ran Chicago when federal government was burbling billions into highways, public transit, housing for poor. He used it to advantage, mounting massive urban renewal... ...In the riotous aftermath of Kings assassination, the FBI reported extensively about Daleys "shoot to hide" order aimed at arsonists, a stand the FBI praised. For twenty-one years, Daley presided over city government and the Democratic organization in his dual role as mayor and party chairman. He cultivated alliances with organized labor and patience that contributed to Chicagos renaissance at a time when other northern industrial cities were declining. He helped build the worlds largest airport and talle st office building, a lakefront convention center, a governmental complex that would later bear his name, a Chicago campus for the state university, expressways, and mass transit lines. He is known by many as the best mayor Chicago may ever have. A series of court rulings against political patronage diminished Daleys clout in his last-place term, and his political organization declined further in the decade after his death. Chicagos city manager Richard Daley dies at age 84 after more than two decades of high-and-mighty Illinois politics. He died in Chicago of a heart attack on Dec. 20, 1976.this paper is not my own work, it is research for the paper that i am writing on daley.

Cause and Effect in David Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understand

Cause and Effect in David Humes An research Concerning Human reason In An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume states, at that place is not, in any individual, pip instance of cause and strength, any liaison which can suggest the bringing close together of power or undeniable contact (Hume, 1993 41). Hume show upes in section II that all compositions originate from impressions that employ the senses (11). Therefore, in order for thither to be an idea of power or required radio link, there must(prenominal) be impressions of this connection present in single instances of cause and effect if there ar no such impressions, thence there cannot be an idea of necessary data link (52). To illustrate his statement, Hume examines foursome situations bodies interacting in the world, mind cause actions of the automobile trunk, mind causing ideas of ideas, and graven image as the source of power. I leave highlight Humes reasons and outline his a rguments to establish that there is no connexion amongst cause and effect on the basis of single instances. Humes first reflection focuses on secular bodies. Assuming that a necessary connexion exists between cause and effect, this effect could be determined, without prior jazz, by means of reasoning, upon observation of the cause alone. We, how ever, observe the body and we observe the effect on the body or system yet the power or force, which actuates the wholly machine universe or chain of effects is all concealed from us, and never discovers itself in any of the sensible qualities of body (42). Hence, this situation demonstrates no impression of, and so no idea of, necessary connexion in single instances of their (bodies) physical process (42). The second reflection in... ...out being ever able to comprehend any thing like connexion between them (46). He expresses that this conjunction through and through similar experience is what allows us t o tie in cause and effect comparatively accurately. On the other hand, Hume entertains the situation that it is God himself, which we erroneously attribute to our own power and efficacy (47). Hume argues that there must arrise a strong suspiciousness (when we arrive at) conclusions so extraordinary, and so away from common life and experience (48). Further, Hume illustrates that no matter how ignorant we ar of the manner in which bodies wreak on each other we are equally ignorant of the compulsive mind we should reject the more obscure prospect (48). Works CitedHume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. 2nd edition. Hackett Publishing Indianapolis. 1993. Cause and Effect in David Humes An Enquiry Concerning Human UnderstandCause and Effect in David Humes An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding In An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume states, there is not, in any single, particular instance of cause an d effect, any thing which can suggest the idea of power or necessary connexion (Hume, 1993 41). Hume establishes in section II that all ideas originate from impressions that employ the senses (11). Therefore, in order for there to be an idea of power or necessary connexion, there must be impressions of this connection present in single instances of cause and effect if there are no such impressions, then there cannot be an idea of necessary connexion (52). To illustrate his statement, Hume examines four situations bodies interacting in the world, mind causing actions of the body, mind causing ideas of ideas, and God as the source of power. I will highlight Humes reasons and outline his arguments to establish that there is no connexion between cause and effect on the basis of single instances. Humes first reflection focuses on worldly bodies. Assuming that a necessary connexion exists between cause and effect, this effect could be determined, without prior experience, through reasoning, upon observation of the cause alone. We, however, observe the body and we observe the effect on the body or system but the power or force, which actuates the whole machine universe or chain of effects is entirely concealed from us, and never discovers itself in any of the sensible qualities of body (42). Hence, this situation demonstrates no impression of, and therefore no idea of, necessary connexion in single instances of their (bodies) operation (42). The second reflection in... ...out being ever able to comprehend any thing like connexion between them (46). He expresses that this conjunction through similar experience is what allows us to relate cause and effect relatively accurately. On the other hand, Hume entertains the situation that it is God himself, which we erroneously attribute to our own power and efficacy (47). Hume argues that there must arrise a strong suspicion (when we arrive at) conclusions so extraordinary, and s o remote from common life and experience (48). Further, Hume illustrates that no matter how ignorant we are of the manner in which bodies operate on each other we are equally ignorant of the supreme mind we should reject the more unintelligible prospect (48). Works CitedHume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. 2nd edition. Hackett Publishing Indianapolis. 1993.

Commanders of the Army of the Potomac :: Essays Papers

Commanders of the array of the PotomacIn his civil war criminal record Commanders of the Army of the Potomac Warren Hassler Jr. fantastically recounts the events that transpired between 1861 to 1865 during which seven men were tending(p) the reigns of the Norths Army of the Potomac and asked to lead the Union to victory. However, iodine of the greatest commanders in level stood in their way Robert E. Lee, and each was pitted against this great general one by one and given the chance to make history. The first, Irvin McDowell was regarded in this prevail as a great soldier in his own remedy but a terrible leader who displayed visible gaps in his preparedness, in his tactics, and in his strategy. He was the first to take control of the northern army. non much later towards the end of May of 1861 ordinary Lee open up a defensive hold along the small stream of hog Run located in Manassas. During the Battle of Bull Run McDowell was modest by Confederate generals Joseph E . Johnston and Pierre Beauregard due to weak planning and it became likely that this in fact would not be a short-lived war. nigh up was the most popular and perhaps the greatest of the commanders, George B. McClellan. After the embarrassing defeats at Bull Run he masterfully regrouped and disciplined the AOP as he himself showed outstanding military presence and was constantly increasing his association of rancidensive tactics. From spring of 1862 till July of that year General McClellan was successful in driving the Confederates out of West Virginia and he was inching toward the southern capitol of Richmond when General Jeb Stuart under Lee encircled and outmaneuvered McClellans forces who were driven back and finally held at Malvern Hill during the Seven Days Battle. During this time period there was many shifting of control and the AOP was put into the arms of General John Pope. This book regards Pope as one of the most pathetic leaders of the polite War as he screw ed up and changed his ways during the second strife at Bull Run and sacrificed his men uselessly. Meanwhile, McClellan blew an opportunity to catch the Confederates off balance afterward he learned of Lees plans but stalled and hesitated for a daylight giving the southern reinforcements plenty of time to arrive and group unneurotic and the north escaped with a slight victory only after Lee decided it would be wise to withdraw his forces.

The Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman :: The Little Foxes

Lillian Hellmans The Little Foxes shows a large tally of feminism throughout the play. Lillian intertwines economical indep interceptent with feminism several times. Regina Hubbard is perpetually the main character involved with the economical independence and feminism. Birdy and Alexandra Hubbard are envisioned for their ability to rise above the oppression that surrounds them during most of the play. Hellmans passage of Regina shows her as the wickedest character. This serves as a foundation to the message that when women are low-powered they will do anything to over come it (Friedman 81). Regina shows her true nature towards the end of the play. Regina was forced to stay with Horace after she married him because she had none of her feature financial backing. Since Hellman had equated silver with independence Regina has no choice but to stay with Horace until she gains her own money and in turn her independence. Her strife for independence highlights her feminist nature. Sh e is ordain to endure unhappiness for as long as it takes to be breakaway (Friedman 82). Regina appears cold and conniving. While her husband lays dying in the house, she tells her bothers and Leo that she washbasin put them in jail for what they have done all opus keeping it unknown that she does not really know what happened. Her calm and calculative demeanor as she negotiates shows her as a very focused person. change surface though her husband lies dying she only appears to care about her money and how she can manipulate her brothers to her advantage (Galens 166). Regina says that she marries Horace solely for his money and status. She stats that she hates him and cannot wait until he dies. This outburst that shows Reginas true feelings allows the reader to see her as a feminist in a way. She was so determined to give out what she cherished that she bounded herself in a situation that she abhors for years just for a chance to achieve her goal (Galens 156). At the end of the play Alexandra necessitate her generate is she afraid (225). This line parallels the one in Whos triskaidekaphobic of Virginia Wolf. This gives the idea that Regina only terrorized others as a coping mechanism to get over her own fears. Reginas ability to overcome her fears shows her feminist spatial relation despite the immoral methods she chose (lord 146).Reginas daughter Alexandra has had her decisions made for her by her mother in the early parts of the play.

Radcliffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness Essay -- Radcliffe Hall’s The

Radcliffe Halls The Well of Loneliness - A Classic of Lesbian Literature?Radcliffe Halls clean, The Well of Loneliness, depicts the maidhood and womanhood of a non-conventional woman, Stephen Gordon, who after assuming her natural inversion during her adolescence, fights to set a place in the human race. After fulfilling partially her aspirations by parcel in I World War as an ambulance driver, she falls in love with Mary, another ambulance driver, and for a short while they defy the world with their happiness. This feeling, however would not last. The inverts doom forces Stephen to the last exploit of self-denial and martyrdom when she renounces to her love for Mary and surrenders her to their common friend Martin to watch care of her because she, not being a man, would never be adequate to give her an authentic life. Nowadays, the novel is encountered and sold as a sapphic literature classic throughout the world besides for certain popular it is not clear whether the cha racteristics and themes included qualify it as such or it is just a matter of popularity. In its favour it is necessary to consider it as an early precursor of any kind of declared lesbian literature (it was published in 1928). It was one of the first times that lesbian love was depicted extensively by means of a novel and it was an incredibly brave and honest attempt to bring daylight into the shadower of so many peoples life. One of the individual but essential steps lesbians were giving towards social...

Dorothy Parkers Short Stories Essay -- Dorothy Parker Essays

Dorothy Parkers mindless Stories Dorothy Parkers writings ar connected to her life in umpteen ways. She grew up in a time where wo workforces roles where changing in society. She spent more or less of her life in New York City and most of her stories setting are of that city. She was married young and divorced in a short time, just as the filbert in The Big Blonde. She was outgoing, sarcastic, and humourous in a time when women were supposed to be docile. This style is shown doneout her work but particularly in The Waltz, where the status quo is displayed finished the guinea pigs conversation and Parkers ideals are made known through the womans inter monologue. She combats a typical stereotype through mocking, in The Standard of Living. In this story the average woman is shown, as silly and almost material person. This work breaks the normalcy of the day by having them dress a little more risqu and being more independent. Dorothy Parker lets her sarcastic, ironic, dry out humor shine a light on the inner deeds of the woman and the plight they start with society. The Big Blonde tells the story of hazel Morse, a woman who is trapped in city conclusion. The city culture is dominated by males and is isolated and uncompassionate. Set in the 1920s, the story tells of how men fulfill their expected duty of holding a daily telephone circuit while women are expected to be a source of cheer as well as good sports. Drinking heavily is a normal part of society and is used mostly to forget most lifes woes. The only duty for a woman in this time period is to find a husband and keep him happy. Hazel Morse is the protagonist of the story. She is a big breasted, bubbly, blonde woman who finds herself in a precarious position. She finds herself trying... ...till be miserable. Annabel and Midge in The Standard of Living are trapped in a different way. Parker uses this innocent image of girls compete a game to show how ridiculous stereotypes are. T hey are confined to games for amusement. They have revolving boyfriends and they have jobs. They are the new workingwoman but still have any(prenominal) of the qualities of the old fashioned model. Parker is showing they both can exist at the same time. This is not a commonly held notion in society, each you are one or the other. No matter which way they are seen they are misperceived. Parker uses the theme of entrapment to illustrate the confinement of women in society. They dont have to be shallow and content, but yet they dont have to work a 40-hour workweek and never marry. She is trying to register that women can be a little of both, and uses her sarcasm to prove it.