Triple X Syndrome

Tracie Emmerich Professor Debbie Seale biological science 101 TR, 830-1130 am 3/6/2012 multiply X Syndrome twofold X Syndrome is a sex chromo most abnormality in which there atomic number 18 three X chromosomes instead of the usual both found in around females. Triple X Syndrome is also cognize as Trisomy X, Triplo X Syndrome, and XXX Syndrome. The first published report of a woman with a karyotype with a 47, XXX was by Patricia A. Jacobs in 1959 at a hospital in Scotland. Most people countenance 46 chromosomes, occurring in 23 pairs. These chromosomes contain genes, which carry instructions that determine eachthing from your vertex to your eye color.One of these chromosome pairs determines your sex. You tempt 1 sex chromosome from your find and a nonher from your father. Your m some opposite eject give you only an X chromosome, but your father give the gate pass on an X or a Y chromosome. If you receive an X chromosome from your father, the XX pair makes you genetic exclusivelyy a female. Females with Triple X syndrome have a three X chromosome. Triple X syndrome ordinarily settlements from an error in the formation of a m otherwises egg cell or a fathers sperm cell. Some epochs, common chord X syndrome occurs as a result of an error early in the embryos development.Although this condition is genetic, its typic ally not inherited. Instead, what unremarkably happens is that either the mothers egg cell or the fathers sperm cell has not formed correctly, resulting in an extra X chromosome. This hit-or-miss error in egg or sperm cell division is called nondisjunction. Nondisjunction is a random all the samet and is not caused by anything either of the babys p atomic number 18nts did or by any medications they whitethorn have taken. When the cause is a malformed egg cell or sperm cell, as is usually the case, all the bodys cells have the extra chromosome.In the mosaic form, only some of the bodys cells have the third X chromosome. Because o nly some cells contain the extra X chromosome, females with the mosaic form of trine X syndrome whitethorn have less wicked symptoms. Triple X Syndrome occurs in about 1 out of every 1,000 girls born in the United States. It is estimated that between five and ten girls argon born with the condition each day. As farthest as it is cognize, the syndrome is equally common in all racial and ethnic groups. The only known risk factor is the mothers age.Women who ar 35 eld old or older when they become pregnant are at an increased risk of having a daughter with Triple X Syndrome. Because of the lyonization, (the operation by which or the condition in which all X chromosomes of the cells in excess of one are inactivated on a random buns )inactivation and formation of a Barr body, in all female cells, only one X chromosome is active at any time. Thus, Triple X syndrome most often causes no unusual physical features or medical problems. If symptoms do appear, they may entangle 1. Tal l stature Taller than other girls and women in the family 2.Small target (microcephaly) Microcephaly is a medical condition in which the circumference of the school principal is keener than normal because the brain has not developed properly or has stopped growing. Microcephaly can be present at nascency or it may develop in the first few old age of life. 3. Slightly lower weight at birth 4. Epicanthal folds An epicanthal fold is disrobe of the upper eyelid from the nose to the inner(a) side of the eyebrow that covers the inner corner (canthus) of the eye 5. Delayed development of certain(prenominal) motor skills, name and address and language 6.Although seldom exhibiting severe mental impairments, Triple X Syndrome females have an increased risk of learning disabilities such as dyslexia, delayed speech, deficient language skills and delayed development of motor skills. It is possible that learning disabilities and/or delayed development could eventually lead to a variet y of other issues, including academic problems, stress, and poor socialization skills that cause social isolation. 7. Weak ponderosity tone and delayed motor skills poor coordination, awkwardness 8. Menstrual irregularities 9. change magnitude rick of depression 10. Less assertive and quieter than most girls 1. Intelligence (IQ) may be slightly lower than that of other girls and women in the family although mental awkwardness is unusual. 10-15 points below siblings. Other possible, though much rarer, complications that may occur include 1. Premature ovarian failure or ovary abnormalities. When the ovaries stop working in the beginning the expected age of menopause, theres a decline in the production of certain hormones and eggs are no longer released by the ovaries each month. This can cause infertility. Additionally, girls and women with triple X syndrome may have malformed ovaries. 2. Seizures.Girls and women with triple X syndrome may develop a seizure disorder. 3. Kidney abno rmalities. Females born with triple X syndrome may also have abnormally developed kidneys or may have only one kidney. There are even rare cases when a female with Triple X syndrome is affected by changes such as behavioral problems, midfacial hypoplasia, wide-set eyes, amenorrhea, posteriorly rotated ears, nonaged head, long head, small lower jaw, expressionless face, prominent forehead, enamel hypoplasia, widely spaced nipples, small hands, small feet, kyphosis, lordosis, reduced muscle tone, and mental retardation. There are rarely any observable physical anomalies in Triple X females, other than being taller than average. Most women with Triple X have normal internal development. Some experience an early onset of menstruation. Triple X women are rarely diagnosed, apart from pre-natal testing methods, unless they undergo amniocentesis and blood tests for medical reasons later in life. Most medical professionals do not believe the condition as a disability.However, if mild del ays are present, such shape can be sought by parents for early intervention intervention The chromosome change that causes triple X syndrome cannot be repaired, so the syndrome itself has no cure. also because it is thought to be caused by a by a spontaneous genetic mutation rather than an inherited genetic defect, there is no way to prevent it. However, given the treatable nature of most symptoms and how frequently no symptoms appear at all, its quite possible to lead a undecomposed and normal life despite having this syndrome.Because people with triple X syndrome may be more susceptible to stress, its important to make sure a female with Triple X Syndrome has a supportive environment as well. Psychological counseling may help, both by teaching their families utilizable methods of demonstrating love and encouragement, and by discouraging behaviors that they might not realize are negative. According to a Danish researcher who scribbleed one of the first Triple X Syndrome supp ort groups in the world, If the conditions are good, stable, and stimulating. learning problems rarely have any serious consequences.However, most Triple X girls ask remedial teaching at school at one time or another, and it is important they get this help if and when they need it. The prognosis for girls with this syndrome is largely good. They are not at increased risks of other diseases as far as it is known and have a normal life expectancy. They are less likely to complete college than other girls, but almost all can finish high school with speech therapy or other additional help. While a few may have some social difficulties,. most are able to join the work force, marry, and start families in adult life.